Jenny Paulsson

3D property research from a legal perspective

This article investigates and discusses 3D property research, as evidenced by conference papers and other publications written in English, to analyze the distribution of interest areas and the occurrence of legal aspects and trends within 3D property research occurring between 2001 and 2011. A total of 156 publications on 3D property were examined. The publications were classified in four different categories, which represent different aspects of 3D property: legal, technical, registration and organizational. More 3D property research has been conducted on technical aspects and registration than legal aspects. In the legal category, most studies addressed national legislation and the practical use of (national) legislation. The authors believe that further fundamental legal research on 3D property is needed. The quantity of research could be increased, for example, by promoting international discussion and increasing the number of comparative legal studies on 3D property rights. Additional and more focused attention should be given to international matters, such as comparative studies on the use of 3D property concepts, the development of (international) 3D property terminology and cooperation between 3D property unit owners.

Integration of Legal Aspects in 3D Cadastral Systems

This article continues a research on the feasibility of BIM for 3D cadastre in unified building models, presented in. It describes problems and solutions concerning interaction between BIM and the registration and visualisation of legal 3D property information. BIM and legal 3D property are two seemingly different domains, and there is a lack of BIM-3D property research in relation to technical and registration issues. The article therefore focuses on possibilities and difficulties of addressing legal interests i.e. rights, restrictions and responsibilities in land. A Swedish case study is used to describe the use of 3D property formation and registration in Sweden, and how it might be possible to achieve a more integrated, standard based registration of legal boundaries and physical buildings. The results emphasize how BIM and 3D property domains can interact to serve the needs for effective information handling by e.g. importing 3D cadastral boundaries into BIM as basis for decision-making or to use BIM as input in the 3D cadastral formation process.

Development of Swedish Legislation regulating Compensation for Compulsory Acquisition : A Law and Economics Perspective

Development of Swedish Legislation regulating Compensation for Compulsory Acquisition : A Law and Economics Perspective

Opportunities and Constraints of Land Management in Local and Regional Development: Integrated Knowledge, Factors and Trade-offs

Pedestrian streets are public areas, where vehicle traffic is completely or partially restricted. In these parts of the city, people can take a walk, shop and ride bikes. Many scientific publications can be found on the social and economic significance of public areas; however, while seeking for the economic city growth and social advancement it is important not to waste natural resources and not to endanger ecological balance. It is noticed that environmental criteria are mentioned only as components of coherence and which have to interact with each other. Still, the pedestrian zones, as public areas intended for people, have to be safe (in the case of motor and non-motor vehicles) and protected from the vehicle emissions and noise. In addition, trees and green zones as well as the overall cleanliness are significant for the maintenance of ecological balance. Therefore, pedestrian zones not only have to meet economic and social needs but also should be a place that would be pleasant to come back to. The object of this article are the main pedestrian zones of Kaunas city. The research was conducted by applying the analysis and synthesis research methods.

Challenges for governance structures in urban and regional development

The urbanization process in Turkey which has begun following the Second World War has persisted mainly by a rapid population growth in urban areas as well as the raise in the number of new places that are defined as “city”. Before this process, a large part of the population was living in rural areas at the same time as the Republic of Turkey was established on 29 October 1923. However, starting with 1950s, rural-urban migration has been occurred. According to the urban studies, “city” or “urban field” can be defined by using different criteria. Within these, the demographic criterion is the most widely applied method. In other words, for identifying the “city”, a place with a certain population size is requested. The population size required for the threshold of the city varies between countries. Also, as observed in Turkey, different suggested population sizes to define city exist within the same country. Although the urbanization process in Turkey gained momentum in 1950s, it has begun to differentiate qualitatively rather than quantitatively after 1980s. While the distinctions between the rural and urban areas have been disappearing hastily, the process of transformation of rural areas into urban areas by the impact of neoliberal policies was observed. This process has remarkably continued especially in metropolitan areas with the introduction of metropolitan government system in 1984. Since 2000s, the boundaries of metropolitan municipalities have been gradually extended in various ways and in this manner rural areas have remained within the boundaries of metropolitan municipalities. The purpose of this paper is to analyze this process that appears mainly in the metropolitan areas within the conceptual framework of participation, local autonomy, effectiveness, efficiency, productivity and rent.

Land Management : Potential, Problems and Stumbling Blocks

During the last decades planning systems in Europe have been changing towards more openness and extended possibilities for market players to take responsibilites in planning – market oriented planning. This paper discusses private actors’ rights to initiate statutory plans for property development. This is done in the light of the planning and building legislations in Norway and Sweden. Although the two countries have a lot in common, and have influenced each other in many ways, the right to initiate development plans has been treated differently. In Norway this right has been an integral part of the planning and building legislations since 1924, and the right as such has never been disputed. In Sweden the right for market players to initiate development plans is a recent invention, 2011, and is substantially more restricted compared to the Norwegian legislation. In planning theories external players’ rights to initiate and prepare plans for development projects is regarded a key-indicator of market intrusion in spatial planning. However, to what degree the planning systems in Norway and Sweden open up for market forces in practice can be discussed – the outset of the formal planning and permit system is one thing; the way matters work in practice may be very different (Cullingworth and Nadin 2006). In both systems, municipal governments are still in a strong position for formulating visions, setting agendas for overall development and projects, and allocate resources for the implementation of plans.