Jerker Delsing

Industrial Cloud-Based Cyber-Physical Systems: The IMC-AESOP Approach

This book presents cutting-edge emerging technologies and approaches in the areas of service-oriented architectures, intelligent devices and cloud-based cyber-physical systems. It provides a clear view on their applicability to the management and automation of manufacturing and process industries. It offers a holistic view of future industrial cyber-physical systems and their industrial usage and also depicts technologies and architectures as well as a migration approach and engineering tools based on these. By providing a careful balance between the theory and the practical aspects, this book has been authored by several experts from academia and industry, thereby offering a valuable understanding of the vision, the domain, the processes and the results of the research. It has several illustrations and tables to clearly exemplify the concepts and results examined in the text and these are supported by four real-life case-studies. We are witnessing rapid advances in the industrial automation, mainly driven by business needs towards agility and supported by new disruptive advances both on the software and hardware side, as well as the cross-fertilization of concepts and the amalgamation of information and communication technology-driven approaches in traditional industrial automation and control systems. This book is intended for technology managers, application designers, solution developers, engineers working in industry, as well as researchers, undergraduate and graduate students of industrial automation, industrial informatics and production engineering.

Integration of Wireless Sensor and Actuator Nodes With IT Infrastructure Using Service-Oriented Architecture

A large number of potential applications for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSAN) have yet to be embraced by industry despite high interest amongst academic researchers. This is due to various factors such as unpredictable costs related to development, deployment and maintenance of WSAN, especially when integration with existing IT infrastructure and legacy systems is needed. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is seen as a promising technique to bridge the gap between sensor nodes and enterprise applications such as factory monitoring, control, and tracking systems where sensor data is used. To date, research efforts have focused on middleware software systems located in gateway devices that implement standard service technology, such as Devices Profile for Web Services (DPWS), for interacting with the sensor network. This paper takes a different approach-deploying interoperable Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)-based web services directly on the nodes and not using gateways. This strategy provides for easy integration with legacy IT systems and supports heterogeneity at the lowest level. Twofold analysis of the related overhead, which is the main challenge of this solution, is performed; Quantification of resource consumption as well as techniques to mitigate it are presented, along with latency measurements showing the impact of different parts of the system on system performance. A proof-of-concept application using Mulle-a resource-constrained sensor platform-is also presented.

Level-Crossing ADC Performance Evaluation Toward Ultrasound Application

A performance evaluation of a level-crossing analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented. It is shown that its signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) does not depend on the input-signal amplitude, which results in an almost-flat SNR for amplitudes that fall into the Nyquist criteria for irregular sampling. The influence of the reconstruction procedure on SNR is discussed, and possible limitations due to the comparator and clock on the performance of the ADC are analyzed. This analysis allows for specification of comparator and clock parameters such that they do not limit the ADC performance yet are not overestimated. In conclusion, a previously known level-crossing ADC design procedure is extended. A level-crossing ADC design example is given for intended use in an ultrasound application with a frequency band from 1 to 10 MHz. MATLAB and Cadence simulations, which utilize the data obtained from a real comparator and clock, are presented, and the performance of such a level-crossing ADC is compared with a conventional ADC.

PSpice simulation of ultrasonic systems

The usage of electrical analogies for the simulation of wave generation and propagation in ultrasound transducers is well established. In this paper a PSpice approach that includes the temperature and frequency dependency of the transducer performance is proposed. The analogy between acoustic wave propagation and wave propagation in an electric transmission line is given. Further ways to deduce temperature and frequency dependencies are discussed. The simulation approach is applied to a pulse-echo setup for the determination of speed of sound and attenuation in liquids and solids. Experiments and simulations are made for three temperatures and in the frequency range 1-12 MHz using water, glycerine, and polymers (PMMA and PEEK) as test samples. Comparison shows a good agreement between simulation and experiments. Results for glycerine indicates that the available attenuation models for high viscosity liquids is inappropriate.

A SOA-based architecture for empowering future collaborative cloud-based industrial automation

The last years we are witnessing of rapid advances in the industrial automation domain, mainly driven by business needs towards agility and supported by new disruptive technologies. Future factories will rely on multi-system interactions and collaborative cross-layer management and automation approaches. Such a factory, configured and managed from architectural and behavioural viewpoints, under the service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm is virtualized by services exposed by its key components (both HW and SW). One of the main results of this virtualization is that the factory is transformed into a “cloud of services”, where dynamic resource allocation and interactions take place. This paper presents a view on such architecture, its specification, the main motivation and considerations, as well as the preliminary services it may need to support.

Towards an architecture for service-oriented process monitoring and control

The initiative AESOP (ArchitecturE for Service-Oriented Process-Monitoring and — Control) envisions a Service-oriented Architecture approach for monitoring and control of Process Control applications (batch and continuous process). Large process industry systems are a complex (potentially very large) set of (frequently) multi-disciplinary, connected, heterogeneous systems that function as a complex system of which the components are themselves systems. The future “Perfect Plant” will be able to seamlessly collaborate and enable monitoring and control information flow in a cross-layer way. As such the different systems will be part of an SCADA/DCS ecosystem, where components can be dynamically added or removed and dynamic discovery enables the on-demand information combination and collaboration. All current and future systems will be able to share information in a timely and open manner, enabling an enterprise-wide system of systems that will dynamically evolve based on business needs. The SOA-based approach proposed by AESOP can, on one hand, simplify the integration of monitoring and control systems on application layer. On the other hand, the networking technologies that are already known to control engineers could also simplify the inclusion of or migration from existing solutions and integration of the next generation SCADA and DCS systems at network layer.

Sensor Data Collection Using Heterogeneous Mobile Devices

Data collection has always been a major challenge in sensor networks and various techniques have been proposed to enable efficient data collection. One such methodology is the use of mobile elements within the existing infrastructure to enable data collection. The paper proposes the use of existing mobile elements like mobile phones which have enough spare capacity to act as data carriers within a sensor network to carry sensor data. With advent of technology, mobile devices have become so powerful that they can work in a pervasive environment and make decisions based on context information like presence, location etc. Our proposal is an intelligent heterogeneous network in which the sensor nodes act as the data accumulators and the context-aware mobile phones act as data carriers of the sensed data. A framework that enables the mobile node and sensor node communication over Bluetooth is proposed and a p implementation is presented.

A survey of commercial frameworks for the Internet of Things

In 2011 Ericsson and Cisco estimated 50 billion Internet connected devices by 2020, encouraged by this industry is developing application frameworks to scale the Internet of Things. This paper presents a survey of commercial frameworks and platforms designed for developing and running Internet of Things applications. The survey covers frameworks supported by big players in the software and electronics industries. The frameworks are evaluated against criteria such as architectural approach, industry support, standards based protocols and interoperability, security, hardware requirements, governance and support for rapid application development. There is a multitude of frameworks available and here a total 17 frameworks and platforms are considered. The intention of this paper is to present recent developments in commercial IoT frameworks and furthermore, identify trends in the current design of frameworks for the Internet of Things; enabling massively connected cyber physical systems.

Enabling Cloud Connectivity for Mobile Internet of Things Applications

The number of small embedded devices connected to the Internet is increasing. This growth is mostly due to the large number of Internet of Things (IoT) deployments, with applications such as: industrial monitoring, home automation, and others. One common aspect with the majority of application areas is the lack of mobility. Most IoT devices are stationary and often use IEEE 802.15.4/6LoWPAN solutions. When a high level of mobility is required, the use of IEEE 802.15.4 is not possible without adding additional hardware for the user to carry. In this article, a holistic network architecture consisting of heterogeneous devices is presented. The architecture is composed of Embedded Internet Systems (EIS) and uses standard communication protocols. One important feature is the use of the Service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm. The use of SOA, by utilization of the CoAP protocol and standard services, enables the proposed architecture to exchange sensor- and actuator data with an Internet-based cloud as well as a users local cloud consisting of sensor IoT devices, smart phones and laptops. Another component of the architecture is a web-based human-machine interface for configuration, monitoring and visualization of sensor and actuator data using emerging web technologies for structured data processing. Results from experiments and real-world tests show that the proposed architecture can support sample rates of up to several kHz while enabling sensor data to be transmitted to SOA services in real time. This proves that the use of SOA, and Restful web services in particular, is feasible on resource-constrained platforms while supporting true mobility.

Mobile medical applications made feasible through use of eis platforms

Monitoring of medical parameters often limits the mobility of the patient, eg., to the hospital. We present the first steps toward a solution where the patient is offered safety, while allowed the ...