Jérôme Lanteri

A 65-nm CMOS Fully Integrated Transceiver Module for 60-GHz Wireless HD Applications

This paper presents a fully integrated 60GHz transceiver module in a 65nm CMOS technology for wireless high-definition video streaming. The CMOS chip is compatible with the WirelessHD™ standard, covers the four channels and supports 16-QAM OFDM signals including the analog baseband. The ESD-protected die (9.3mm²) is flip-chipped atop a High Temperature Cofired Ceramic (HTCC) substrate, which receives also an external PA and the emission and reception glass-substrate antennas. The module occupies an area of only 13.5×8.5mm². It consumes 454mW in receiver mode and 1.357W in transmitter mode (357mW for the transmitter and 1W for the PA).

Wideband Low-Loss Linear and Circular Polarization Transmit-Arrays in V-Band

Several linearly-polarized and circularly-polarized transmit-arrays are designed and demonstrated in the 60-GHz band. These arrays have a fairly simple structure with three metal layers and are fabricated with a standard printed-circuit board technology. The simulation method is based on an electromagnetic model of the focal source and the unit-cells, associated to an analytical modeling of the full structure. A theoretical analysis is presented for the optimization of the power budget with respect to the F/D ratio. Several prototypes are designed and characterized in V-band. The experimental results are in very good agreement with the simulations and demonstrate very satisfactory characteristics. Power efficiencies of 50-61% are reached with a 1-dB gain bandwidth up to 7%, and low cross-polarization level.

94 GHz Folded Fresnel Reflector Using C-Patch Elements

A 94 GHz folded Fresnel reflector (FFR) for helicopter collision avoidance Radar is presented. The antenna system consists of a primary source illuminating a semi-reflecting grid that reflects the primary source polarization toward the main reflector opposite the grid. The main reflector has two functions. It focuses the field in the desired direction and rotates the incident polarization by 90deg to enable it to pass through the grid and radiate. Specific patch elements having a C-shape have been designed for this purpose. In order to increase overall efficiency, the reflector combines 8 correcting zones in its center and 4 at the periphery. The reflector is manufactured using standard photolithographic techniques. The primary source consists of a metal waveguide covered with a small frequency selective surface (FSS) for matching purposes. The maximum measured gain is 36.5 dBi at 94 GHz. The maximum side lobe level is -18 dB. The return loss value does not exceed -25 dB. The frequency bandwidth -3 dB in gain and return loss is 10%. In-flight measurements were conducted demonstrating the ability to detect power lines at distances up to 680 m.

Folded Reflectarrays With Shaped Beam Pattern for Foreign Object Debris Detection on Runways

Design of a folded reflectarray antenna (FRA) by phase only control to provide a cosecan squared beam pattern in elevation and a pencil-beam pattern in azimuth to detect objects on the ground, e.g., on runways. A very compact folded reflectarray antenna was fabricated and its radiation pattern over frequency was simulated. During the design process a conical horn was developed, which illuminates the array, with symmetrical radiation pattern for all planes and for a frequency range of 76 to 81 GHz. As the FRA consists of a single layer substrate this kind of antenna could be a candidate for low-cost production in FOD detection on airports in the future.

76.5 GHz millimeter-wave radar for foreign objects debris detection on airport runways

The paper is a joint work between the LEAT (France) and the ENRI (Japan) in the framework of a Sakura project supported by the JSPS and the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The purpose is the study of a FOD (Foreign Object Debris) detection system on airport runways. A FM-CW mm-Wave radar working between 76.25 and 76.75 GHz is used together with a high directivity printed reflectarray. Measurement results show detection capabilities of a -20 tlBsm cylinder up to 35 m which is 10 m less than the FAA recommendations. Antenna improvements are discussed for reaching the requirements and system performance as well as the use of calibration objects.

Reflectarray using an offset prolate feed at 94 GHz

The design of an offset reflectarray illuminated by an original primary source at 94 GHz was tested successfully. The antenna shows very low side lobe and cross-polarization levels. These results are of interest for multi-beam applications, when the system is fed by several sources. Simulations were made with a computer-model that gives, in less than 10 minutes on a standard PC, a good approximation of the radiation pattern in the H-plane. The problem of the specular reflection has still to be overcome as well in simulations as in the design. In order to solve it partially, the next step will be the realization of an offset feed with a main radiation in the specular direction.

77 GHz Stepped Lens With Sectorial Radiation Pattern as Primary Feed of a Lens Based CATR

We describe the design, fabrication and measurements of an axisymmetric dielectric lens, featuring a sectorial radiation pattern at 77 GHz. It will be used as the primary feed of a lens-based compact antenna test range (CATR). Due to symmetry of revolution, the sectorial lens profile can be designed in one dimension by using phase only control. The phase variation is echoed on the lens depth. The resulting stepped lens is simulated using France Telecom Orange Labs SRSRD software (¿in-house¿ software developed for dielectric axisymmetric radiating structures) and measured in an anechoic chamber at 77 GHz. Two lenses were fabricated with different materials: PVC and polyurethane, respectively. Good agreements were obtained between simulations and measurements. Less than 0.2 dB ripple in the central beam are obtained for the polyurethane lens although relatively high secondary lobes occur at 11°. Comparisons between the near field of a CATR illuminated by a small horn providing a uniform amplitude taper and the sectorial lens are conducted using numerical simulations. Results show that on-axis oscillations are reduced from 6 to 1 dB with the sectorial lens.

20 GHz active reflectarray using 1-bit phase shifter

This paper discusses the conception of active Fresnel reflectarray (AFR), which can be controlled electronically. For this, active elementary cell is designed and the AFR is finally simulated with a focus on its beam scanning capabilities.

Reflectarrays for mm-Wave radar applications

This paper gives an overview of mm-Wave reflectarrays used for civil radar applications such as collision avoidance system for rescue helicopters at 94 GHz or FOD detection on airport runways at 77 GHz. Both antenna designs and examples of radar performances are presented and discussed.

Millimeter Wave Circularly Polarized Fresnel Reflector for On-Board Radar on Rescue Helicopters

The increasing use of millimeter waves for civil radar application, e.g., for automotive or helicopter obstacle detection- requires the development of high gain and low cost antennas in compact form. With this aim, a Fresnel reflector with circular polarization over 5 GHz bandwidth (76-81 GHz) has been designed, fabricated and measured. The gain remains higher than 32 dBi with a peak value of 35 dBi at 79 GHz. For obtaining this performance, specific patches have been designed. They are based on circular rings, rectangular and offset patches. Each of them converts an incident linear electric field into a circular polarized one.