Jerry A. Snider

A Taxonomic Revision of Symphyodon (Musci: Symphyodontaceae)

Abstract Symphyodon Mont., a genus of pleurocarpous mosses, is comprised of 15 species. Species of Symphyodon, all dioicous, are primarily epiphytic and characterized by having echinate capsules, distally roughened or papillose setae, and prorate leaf cells. The genus is chiefly distributed in the tropical and the subtropical regions of the world with the majority of the taxa centered in southern and southeastern Asia. A detailed study of the peristome structure supports recognition of Symphyodon in its own family, Symphyodontaceae. The family is retained in the Leucodontales, suborder Neckerineae. All species are illustrated. Keys, descriptions, and distribution maps are provided.

A List of the Bryophytes of Kentucky

Three hundred and two taxa (283 species and 19 varieties) of mosses and 106 taxa (103 species, 2 subspecies, 1 variety) of hepatics and anthocerotes are recorded from Kentucky. Forty-one mosses and 10 hepatics are newly reported for the state.

A Revision of the Moss Genus Astomiopsis (Ditrichaceae)

The genus Astomiopsis is represented by 5 species: A. amblyocalyx from Argentina, Bolivia, Mexico and Lesotho, A. subulata from Argentina and Bolivia, A. sinensis from China, A. pacificafrom the Juan Ferndndez Islands, and A. exsertafrom Mexico. Pleuridium exsertum Bartr. is transferred to the genus Astomiopsis as Astomiopsis exsertum (Bartr.) Snider. Astomiopsis kieneri (Bartr.) Delgadillo & Cdrdenas is placed in synonymy under A. amblyocalyx. All taxa except A. pacifica are typically found in alpine habitats at elevations of ca. 3,000 m or above. A history of the genus, a key to the species and descriptions and illustrations to the taxa are provided. Neotypes are designated for A. amblyocalyx and A. subulata. While completing a revision of the genus Pleu- ridium for contribution to a proposed moss flora of Mexico (Sharp & Bowers 1974), I discovered that the type collections of Pleuridium kieneri Bartr. and P. exsertum Bartr. both contained sporophytic plants with well-developed annuli and dehiscent opercula, features which place them in the genus Astomiopsis. Indeed, when Bartram (1949) originally described the two taxa he only tentatively placed them in Pleu- ridium due to his uncertainty regarding the presence of an annulus. He felt that future studies might prove both taxa to belong to Astomiopsis, a genus which he knew only from the literature. A comparison of Bartrams two species with the descriptions of those ofAstomiopsis (Miiller 1882; Brotherus 1924, 1929; Buck & Landrum 1977; Buck 1979; Buck & Zander 1980) revealed that Pleuridium exsertum Bartr., with its exserted capsule, was quite similar to A. sinensis and that P. kieneri Bartr. was uncomfortably close to Astomiopsis amblyocalyx. Delgadillo and Cair- denas (1984) independently arrived at a similar con- clusion regarding the placement of Bartrams taxa based upon new Mexican collections they had made, and published the new combination Astomiopsis kieneri (Bartr.) Delgadillo & Cairdenas. They were awaiting loan of the type for Pleuridium exsertum when they learned of my study and kindly sent me their collections. Thus, with the problems surrounding the place- ment of Bartrams two Pleuridium species, the oc- currence of a number of apparent inconsistencies in the literature regarding Astomiopsis, the recent ad- dition of three new taxa and the possibility for yet additional combinations and distribution records, a revision of this little known genus is in order. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW Astomiopsis is a small genus of subtropical mosses represented mostly by taxa occurring at elevations of ca. 3000 m. Collections are rare, and the genus remains virtually unknown to most bryologists. Carl Miiller (1882) described the genus based on two species of subtropical alpine mosses collected by Lorentz in Argentina. According to Miiller, the two

distribution of Sphagnum taxa in Texas

Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm., S. molle Sull., and S. recurvum (Russ.) Warnst. sensu lato are reported as new to Texas, increasing the number of Sphagnum species known from Texas to ten. The range of Sphagnum taxa now includes twenty-seven Texas counties. Notes on habitats for each species and a list of state and county records are provided. The geographical distribution and species composition of peat mosses in Texas are poorly known. Twenty Sphagnum taxa are known to occur along the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains of the southeastern United States (Blomquist 1938, Breen 1963, Andrus 1974); however, only six species and one variety of Sphagnum are reported from fifteen eastern and southeastern Texas counties in Whitehouse and McAllisters catalogue of Texas mosses (1954). A scattering of new county records for Sphagnum has since been reported (Pursell & Reese 1963, Magill 1973, Lodwick 1975a,b, Stoneburner & Wyatt 1979); however, S. perichaetiale is the only addition to the state flora (Stoneburner & Wyatt 1979). The senior author initiated field studies in 1974 to locate additional Sphagnum taxa and Sphagnumcontaining habitats in eastern and southeastern Texas. Thirty of the forty-five previously reported collections were reexamined. Based on some 200 field and herbarium specimens, the known Texas Sphagnum taxa are increased in number from seven to ten, and the known range is extended from seventeen to a total of twenty-seven counties. The ten taxa of Sphagnum now known from Texas are restricted to the mesic eastern region of the state below 250 m elevation, which receives abundant rainfall (75-130+ cm precipitation annually) and which has acidic or slightly acidic sand, sandy loam, or clay loam soils. This region is dominated by three major vegetational zones (Fig. 1): the Pineywoods or East Texas Forest zone, the Gulf Prairie and Marshes zone, and the Post Oak Savannah zone. Sphagnum-containing habitats in Texas outside of this region are apparently lacking because of topographical and climatic factors. 0007-2745/80/214-218

Three New Species of Archidium from Africa

0.70/0 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.116 on Sat, 11 Jun 2016 05:56:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1980] LODWICK & SNIDER: SPHAGNUM OF TEXAS 215

Astomiopsis magilliana (Ditrichaceae, Musci) sp. nov. from Natal

The following three species of Archidium from Africa are reported as new: Archidium acanthophyllum sp. nov., Archidium muellerianum sp. nov. and Archidium andersonianum sp. nov. Three new African species of Archidium3 have resulted from my recent world revision of this genus (Snider, 1973). These new species are described below. Archidium acanthophyllum Snider, sp. nov. (FIG. 1-15, 37) Differt ab Archidio rothii perichaetio et perigonia plerumque terminali; folia perichaetialia late ovata ad ovatolanceolata, longiora quam 1.0 mm; costa foliorum perichaetialium et perigonialium valida, excurrens in pilum minute spinulosum et rigidum extensa. Type: REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. TRANSVAAL: Kruger National Park, vicinity of Pretorius Kop, Godfrey GH-1649b (holotype-DvIE; isotypes-Fsv, us, NY). Plants perennial, 3-9 mm high, yellow to yellow-green, forming loose tufts or cushions. Stems erect, capitate to more or less subflexuose, simple or with 2-6 branches arising from leaf axils; stem leaves ovate-lanceolate, becoming progressively smaller towards base of stem, upper leaves erect, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, leaves 0.8-1.1 x 0.35-0.45 mm; costa 45-60 ~m wide in median section, strongly excurrent into a hairpoint; median cells rhombic-hexagonal to more or less rhomboidal, 40-60 x 14-18 p/m, shorter above and near margins, basal cells quadrate to short-rectangular, 18-28 X 1823 /m, 2-4 rows of quadrate cells extending 6-10 cells along basal margin. Autoicous, perigonial buds terminating short, lateral branches, or terminal on separate branches arising from older, prostrate stems; perichaetial buds mostly terminal, single; perichaetial leaves erect-spreading, ovate-lanceolate, narrowly acuminate into a strong, obscurely spinulose hair-point, leaves 1.2-2.0 X 0.40-0.55 mm, margins faintly and gradually recurved, entire; costa 45-60 lm wide in median section, strongly excur1 Research was supported in part by grant GB-6393 and GB-29489 to Duke University by the National Science Foundation. I would like to thank Dr. Howard A. Crum for reviewing the Latin diagnoses. 2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221. 3 Archidium Brid. is synonymous with Pleuridium Brid. A proposal to conserve Pleuridium Rabenh. against Pleuridium Brid., thus freeing the name Archidium for continued use, is pending (Snider & Margadant, 1973). Until action is taken, existing usage in Archidium is being followed in accordance with Recommendation 15A of the Code. FIGURES 1-15. Archidium acanthophyllum. 1-7. Perichaetial leaves. X43. 8-11. Stem leaves. X43. 12-13. Perigonial bracts. X43. 14. Innovation leaf. x43. 15. Median cells of perichaetial leaf. x315. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.149 on Wed, 14 Dec 2016 05:03:57 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1975] SNIDER: NEW SPECIES OF ARCHIDIUM 153

Sphagnaceae (Peat Moss Family) of New York State

Astomiopsis magilliana Snider, Yip, & Clark, sp. nov. is newly described from Natal, South Africa. The new species resembles Astomiopsis subulata C. Muell., but differs in having an obliquely long rostrate operculum, ovate perichaetial leaves, and bistratose upper leaf lamina. While examining South African collections iden- tified as Pleuridium nervosum (Hook.) Mitt. from PRE, we discovered a collection from Natal (Smook 1120) that was obviously not that taxon. The col- lection consisted of plants with rather large, trun- cate capsules and obvious orange-brown annuli at the bases of well-developed, obliquely long-rostrate opercula. Microscopic examination of several cap- sules revealed the presence of a functional annulus consisting of two (occasionally one) rows of vesi- culose cells. When a capsule is soaked in water, the operculum tends to break loose from the urn leav- ing most of the annulus attached to the urn mouth. A peristome is absent. These sporophytic features, in conjunction with a Pleuridium-like gametophyte, suggest that these plants belong to the genus Astomiopsis C. Muell. Upon comparing this specimen with all previous species of Astomiopsis described in the most recent monograph of the genus (Snider 1987), we find it to be conspicuously distinct, morphologically, and thus report a new species of Astomiopsis from South Africa.