Jesse Reynolds

Patterns in Office Referral Data by Grade, Race/Ethnicity, and Gender.

Research supports that office referral data is useful in informing programmatic decisions and planning interventions such as Positive Behavior Supports (PBS). Knowledge of patterns of office referrals may facilitate development of interventions that target specific groups. This study examines patterns in office referrals within an urban district by gender, race/ ethnicity and grade. Findings reveal that there are differences by grade that appear to be related to developmental level, with more referrals for aggression in younger students (grades K-6), disrespectful behavior in middle school students (grades 7-8), and attendance problems in high school students. Gender differences in the rate and type of referrals were found, with significantly more referrals for boys’ delinquent/aggressive behavior, which may relate to how schools define unacceptable behavior and the data collection method. Finally, there were significantly more referrals for African American/black students than Hispanic students, suggesting that schools consider racial differences when developing behavioral expectations.

Teaching Healthful Food Choices to Elementary School Students and Their Parents: The Nutrition Detectives™ Program†

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a nutrition education program designed to teach elementary school students and their parents, and to distinguish between more healthful and less healthful choices in diverse food categories. METHODS Three schools were assigned to receive the Nutrition Detectives™ program and 2 comparable schools served as controls. A total of 1180 second, third, and fourth grade elementary school students were included, with 628 students in the intervention and 552 in the control group. The program, delivered by physical education instructors over several sessions totaling less than 2 hours, taught the children how to read food labels and detect marketing deceptions, while learning to identify and choose healthful foods. Parents were introduced to the program through written materials sent home and at school functions. Assessments included a food label quiz, dietary pattern, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Students in intervention schools showed a significant increase in nutrition label literacy (p < .01). Third grade students showed the most improvement, 23% (p < .01). The parents of intervention group students also showed a significant increase in nutrition label literacy by 8% (p < .01). Total caloric, sodium, and total sugar intake decreased nonsignificantly among students in the intervention group (p > .05). BMI did not change over the short duration of the study. CONCLUSIONS Nutrition Detectives effectively enhances the ability of students and their parents to identify more nutritious food choices. Further evaluation of the program and its potential to influence dietary pattern, BMI, and health outcomes in students and their families is warranted.

Posttraumatic stress among young urban children exposed to family violence and other potentially traumatic events

This study examines the relationship between the number of types of traumatic events experienced by children 3 to 6 years old, parenting stress, and childrens posttraumatic stress (PTS). Parents and caregivers provided data for 154 urban children admitted into community-based mental health or developmental services. By parent and caregiver report, children experienced an average of 4.9 different types of potentially traumatic events. Nearly one quarter of the children evidenced clinically significant PTS. Posttraumatic stress was positively and significantly related to family violence and other family-related trauma exposure, nonfamily violence and trauma exposure, and parenting stress. Additionally, parenting stress partially mediated the relationship between family violence and trauma exposure and PTS. This study highlights the need for early violence and trauma exposure screening in help-seeking populations so that appropriate interventions are initiated.

A cost comparison of more and less nutritious food choices in US supermarkets

OBJECTIVE The present study directly compared prices of more and less nutritious foods within given categories in US supermarkets. DESIGN Foods selected from six supermarkets in Jackson County were categorized using the five criteria of the Nutrition Detectives™ (ND) programme and an item-to-item cost comparison was made using posted prices. The nutritional quality of foods was distinguished using the clues of the ND nutrition education programme for elementary-school children and validated using the Overall Nutritional Quality Index. SETTING Supermarkets in Jackson County, MO, USA. SUBJECTS Not applicable. RESULTS The average price of the item for more nutritious foods did not differ significantly from that of less nutritious foods overall (

Chromium effects on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in persons at risk for diabetes mellitus.

US 2·89 (sd

The effect of a whey protein supplement on bone mass in older Caucasian adults

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Neuropsychological Impairment in Acute HIV and the Effect of Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy.

US 2·85 (sd

The Validation of a Food Label Literacy Questionnaire for Elementary School Children.

0·68), P = 0·76). More nutritious breads cost more than less nutritious breads (

Decade-long trends in mortality among patients with and without diabetes mellitus at a major academic medical center.

US 3·36 (sd

The effect of the addition of daily fruit and nut bars to diet on weight, and cardiac risk profile, in overweight adults

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