Jesús Salvador Velázquez-González

Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Optical Fiber Embedded in PDMS for Temperature Sensing

A compact, simple-to-fabricate, low-cost, and highly sensitive optical fiber temperature sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is reported. The sensor consists of a core mismatch fiber structure fabricated by splicing a small piece of single-mode fiber (SMF) between two multimode fibers (MMF). SPR is generated when evanescent field interacts with the gold layer deposited over the SMF cladding. Then, the sensor was embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which acts as a temperature to refractive index transducer. Due to PDMS high thermooptic coefficient, the SPR dip underwent a noticeable wavelength shift when a variation of temperature occurred. The device was tested in the 20-60 °C range showing a linear response and a sensitivity of 2.60 nm/°C. This sensor is appealing for temperature monitoring in microfluidic devices made of PDMS due to its high performance and simply fabrication process.

Temperature sensing on tapered single mode fiber using mechanically induced long period fiber gratings

The modeling of a temperature optical fiber sensor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this work. The suggested structure to obtain the sensing temperature characteristics is by the use of a mechanically induced Long Period Fiber Grating (LPFG) on a tapered single mode optical fiber. A biconical fiber optic taper is made by applying heat using an oxygen-propane flame burner while stretching the single mode fiber (SMF) whose coating has been removed. The resulting geometry of the device is important to analyze the coupling between the core mode to the cladding modes, and this will determine whether the optical taper is adiabatic or non-adiabatic. On the other hand, the mechanical LPFG is made up of two plates, one grooved and other flat, the grooved plate was done on an acrylic slab with the help of a computerized numerical control machine (CNC). In addition to the experimental work, the supporting theory is also included.

Mechanically induced long period fiber gratings on single mode tapered optical fiber for structure sensing applications

The modal characteristics of tapered single mode optical fibers and its strain sensing characteristics by using mechanically induced long period fiber gratings are presented in this work. Both Long Period Fiber Gratings (LPFG) and fiber tapers are fiber devices that couple light from the core fiber into the fiber cladding modes. The mechanical LPFG is made up of two plates, one flat and the other grooved. For this experiment the grooved plate was done on an acrylic slab with the help of a computer numerical control machine. The manufacturing of the tapered fiber is accomplished by applying heat using an oxygen-propane flame burner and stretching the fiber, which protective coating has been removed. Then, a polymer-tube-package is added in order to make the sensor sufficiently stiff for the tests. The mechanical induced LPFG is accomplished by putting the tapered fiber in between the two plates, so the taper acquires the form of the grooved plate slots. Using a laser beam the transmission spectrum showed a large peak transmission attenuation of around -20 dB. The resultant attenuation peak wavelength in the transmission spectrum shifts with changes in tension showing a strain sensitivity of 2pm/μɛ. This reveals an improvement on the sensitivity for structure monitoring applications compared with the use of a standard optical fiber. In addition to the experimental work, the supporting theory and numerical simulation analysis are also included.

Obsidianus lapis rugosity and hardness determination: fibre laser craftsmanship

Obsidianus lapis is a volcanic rock that has been worked into tools for cutting or weaponry by Teotihuacan people for hundreds of years. Currently it is used in jewelry or for house decorative items such as elaborated sculptures. From the physico-chemical properties point of view, obsidianus lapis is considered a glass as its composition is 80% silicon dioxide. In México there are different kinds of obsidianus lapis according to its colour: rainbow, black, brown, red, silver, golden and snowflake. The traditional grinding process for working with obsidianus lapis includes fixed grinders and sandpaper for the polishing process, where the craftsman grinds the rock manually obtaining a variety of shapes. Laser processing of natural stones is a relatively new topic. We propose the use of an Yb3+-doped fibre laser for cutting and ablating obsidianus lapis into spherical, rectangular and oval shapes. By means of a theoretical analysis of roughness and hardness, which affect the different surfaces and final shapes, and considering the changes in material temperature during laser interaction, this work will focus on parameter determination such as: laser fluence, incidence angle, laser average power and peak pulse energy, from the proposed Q-switched fibre laser design. Full optical, hardness and rugosity, initial and final, characterization will be included in the presentation.

Flavin and porphyrin-micro optical fibre biosensor: analysis and design

Micro Optical Fibre Biosensors (MOFBs) are emerging as one of the most sensitive bio-detection system technologies which do not require of labelling or amplification of the analyte. In these devices, a short region of the fibre core is exposed to the external environment so that the evanescent field can interact with biological species such as cells, proteins, and DNA. In order to increase the sensitivity and selectivity, MOFBs are often used in combination with other optical transduction mechanisms such as changes in refractive index, absorption, fluorescence and surface plasmon resonance. In this work we present the full characteristics, analysis and design of a MOFBs for Flavin and Porphyrin detection.

Determination of pulse energy dependence for skin denaturation from 585nm fibre laser

In this paper, simulation and mathematical analysis for the determination of pulse energy from a Q-switched Yb3+-doped fibre laser is required in Port Wine Stain (PWS) treatment. The pulse energy depends on average power, gain, volume, repetition rate and pulse duration. In some treatments such as Selective Photothermolysis (SP), the peak power at the end of the optical fibre and pulse duration can be obtained and modified via a cavity design. For that purpose, a 585nm optical fibre laser full design which considers all of the above besides the average losses through the optical devices proposed for the design and the Ytterbium optical fibre overall gain will be presented.