Jgp Han Goossens
Eindhoven University of Technology
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Featured researches published by Jgp Han Goossens.
Soft Matter | 2008
S. Jain; Jgp Han Goossens; Gwm Gerrit Peters; Martin van Duin; Pj Piet Lemstra
The melt viscosity of poly(propylene) is found to reduce dramatically through the addition of a minute amount of silica nanoparticles. We attribute this unique effect to “selective adsorption of high molar mass polymer chains” on the surface of the nanofillers. This represents a paradigm shift regarding commonly accepted relations between the molar mass and viscosity of molten polymers. This strong viscosity decrease provides major advantages for polymer processing, and materials with improved properties are obtained.
Macromolecular Symposia | 2001
Francesco Picchioni; Jgp Han Goossens; van M Martin Duin
Grafting of unsaturated vinyl monomers onto polypropylene (PP) is a convenient route to develop new polymeric materials with synergistic properties. Particular attention must be paid to the formation of graft copolymer relative to the formation of homopolymer, since the final properties are dependent both on the dispersion of the new polymer into the iPP matrix, which is controlled by the degree of grafting, as well as on the chemical nature of the in-situ formed polymer chains. In the present work the grafting reaction of styrene on atactic PP (aPP), considered as good model system for the more studied solid-state modification of isotactic PP (iPP), has been investigated in the presence of two different radical initiators in order to get a first insight into the grafting reactions onto PP. Several grafting reactions were carried out by changing the chemical compositions of the starting polymerization mixture, whose homogeneity was accurately investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Infrared-spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used for qualitative and quantitative characterization of the reaction product. A quantitative separation procedure, based on the concept of selective solvent extraction, has been established which enables the determination of the grafting efficiency (Φ) as well as the exact chemical composition of the final product. Finally, all products were characterized by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) in order to study their thermal behaviour.
Polymer | 1998
Jgp Han Goossens; Sanjay Rastogi; Heh Han Meijer; Pj Piet Lemstra
The use of reactive solvents provides a unique opportunity to extend the processing characteristics of both intractable and standard (tractable) polymers beyond existing limits. The polymer to be processed is dissolved in the reactive solvent (monomer) and the solution is transferred into a mould. Upon polymerisation, phase separation and phase inversion occur and the originally dissolved polymer becomes the continuous (matrix) phase, whereas the reactive solvent is dispersed as a particulate (thermoset or thermoplastic) phase, hence there is no need for solvent removal. In the present study, the structure development of the model system polyethylene/styrene will be discussed. In situ X-ray studies, SAXS and WAXS, combined with Raman spectroscopy to follow the conversion from monomer to polymer, revealed the importance of liquid–liquid (L–L) versus liquid–solid (L–S) phase transformations upon the structure development.
Rubber Chemistry and Technology | 2008
van der Maj Mark Mee; Jgp Han Goossens; van M Martin Duin
Abstract Maleated ethylene/propylene copolymer (MAn-g-EPM) was thermoreversibly crosslinked using different routes, i.e. ionic interactions (ionomers), hydrogen bonding and a combination thereof. Microphase separation into polar MAn-rich aggregates occurs for MAn-g-EPM and all crosslinked materials, which act as physical crosslinks. The crosslink density does not change upon modification, but the strength of the aggregates is significantly increased, resulting in improved mechanical properties. All materials except the potassium ionomer with high degree of neutralization (DN) could be remolded into homogeneous and smooth films without chemical changes, indicating that the crosslinks are truly thermoreversible. A comparison of the mechanical properties, i.e. tensile properties and compression set at room temperature, for the different crosslinking routes showed that the poorest properties are obtained for hydrogen-bonded materials. The potassium ionomer with high DN has the best properties by far, but is d...
Analytica Chimica Acta | 2009
Rma Roy L 'Abee; Amjt Tamara Vissers; Jgp Han Goossens; Ab Anne Spoelstra; van M Martin Duin
Tapes with alternating semi-crystalline thermoplastic/rubber layers with thicknesses varying from 100 nm up to several microm were prepared by multi-layer co-extrusion. The variation in layer thickness was obtained by varying the thermoplastic/rubber feed ratio. A systematic study on the use of various microscopy techniques to visualize the morphology of the layered systems is presented. The relatively large length scales and the sample preparation make optical microscopy (OM) unsuitable to study the morphology of the multi-layer tapes. Although excellent contrast between the thermoplastic and rubber layers can be obtained, the usually applied, relatively large magnifications limit the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to small sample areas. The large range of applicable magnifications makes scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the most suitable technique to study the morphology of the multi-layer tapes. The sample preparation for SEM with a secondary electron (SE) detector is often based on the removal of one of the components, which may induce changes in the morphology. SEM with a back-scattered electron (BSE) detector is a very convenient method to study the morphology over a wide range of length scales, where the contrast between the different layers can be enhanced by chemical staining. Finally, the nucleation behavior (homogeneous versus heterogeneous) of the semi-crystalline layers, as probed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), provides valuable information on the layered morphology. The use of relatively straightforward DSC measurements shows a clear advantage with respect to the discussed microscopy techniques, since no sample preparation is required and relatively large samples can be studied, which are more representative for the bulk.
Waste Management | 2016
Bj Benny Luijsterburg; Ps Jobse; Ab Anne Spoelstra; Jgp Han Goossens
Post-consumer plastic waste obtained via mechanical recycling is usually applied in thick-walled products, because of the low mechanical strength due to the presence of contaminants. In fact, sorted post-consumer isotactic poly(propylene) (i-PP) can be considered as a blend of 95% i-PP and 5% poly(ethylene), with traces of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). By applying a treatment such as solid-state drawing (SSD) after melt extrusion, the polymer chains can be oriented in one direction, thereby improving the stiffness and tensile strength. In this research, molecular processes such as crystal break-up and chain orientation of these complex blends were monitored as a function of draw ratio. The melt filter mesh size - used to exclude rigid PET particles - and the addition of carbon black (CB) - often added for coloration in the recycling industry - were varied to investigate their influence on the SSD process. This research shows that despite the blend complexity, the molecular processes during SSD compare to virgin i-PP and that similar draw ratios can be obtained (λmax=20), albeit at reduced stiffness and strength as a result of the foreign polymers present in post-consumer i-PP. It is observed that the process stability improves with decreasing mesh size and that higher draw ratios can be obtained. The addition of carbon black, which resides in the dispersed PE phase, also stabilizes the SSD process. Compared to isotropic post-consumer i-PP, the stiffness can be improved by a factor 10 to over 11GPa, while the tensile strength can be improved by a factor 15-385MPa, which is approx. 70% of the maximum tensile strength achieved for virgin i-PP.
Polymer Bulletin | 2015
Weizhen Weizhen Li; Jgp Han Goossens
The effect of the silica nanoparticles on the morphology of a blend consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the poly(styrene)-b-poly(butadiene)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (SBM) triblock copolymer was studied. Upon blending PMMA with SBM, macrophase separation between the block copolymer and homopolymer occurred, in which the higher molar mass chains of homopolymer separate into homopolymer-rich domains due to the ‘dry-brush’ regime, whereas the lower molar mass chains of homopolymer tend to be selectively solubilized in the block copolymer-rich domains due to the ‘wet-brush’ regime. Upon adding the hydrophilic silica nanoparticles to the PMMA/SBM blend, a significant suppression effect on the extent of macrophase separation between the homopolymer and block copolymer can be observed. It was shown that the silica particles are preferentially localized in the PMMA phase due to the strong hydrogen bonding interaction between the hydroxyl groups on the surface of silica nanoparticles with the carbonyl groups of the PMMA. The suppression effect of the silica particles may be related to the selective adsorption of the high molar mass PMMA on the surface of the silica particles, which may force the system into the ‘wet-brush’ regime, but this was only observed for the systems with a low silica content. For the systems with a high silica content, both the homopolymer PMMA and the PMMA block of the SBM block copolymer interact with the silica surface, which becomes the connecting part between both polymers, thereby suppressing the extent of macrophase separation.
Macromolecules | 1997
Sanjay Rastogi; Ab Anne Spoelstra; Jgp Han Goossens; Pj Piet Lemstra
Macromolecules | 1998
Sanjay Rastogi; Jgp Han Goossens; Pj Piet Lemstra
Macromolecules | 2011
L Lijing Xue; W Weizhen Li; Gunter Georg Gunter Hoffmann; Jgp Han Goossens; Joachim Loos