Jian Fang

Neutron–gamma discrimination of CsI(Na) crystals for dark matter searches

Abstract The luminescent properties of CsI(Na) crystals are studied in this report. Using a TDS3054C oscilloscope with a sampling frequency of 5xa0GS/s, we find out that nuclear recoil signals are dominated by a very fast light pulse with a decay time of ∼20xa0ns, while γ-ray signals have a decay time of ∼600xa0ns. The study of n / γ separation shows that the rejection factor can reach an order of 10 −7 with a signal efficiency of more than 80% at an equivalent electron recoil energy of 20xa0keV or more, and the quality factors are ∼10 times smaller than that for CsI(Tl) crystals in the corresponding energy region. It is suggested that the wavelength of nuclear recoil and γ-ray signals is also different. Such a property makes CsI(Na) an ideal candidate for dark matter searches.

Experimental study of a THGEM detector with mini-rims

The gas gain and energy resolution of single and double THGEM detectors (5{times}5cm2 effective area) with mini-rims (rim is less than 10{mu}m) were studied. The maximum gain can reach 5{times}103 and 2{times}105 for single and double THGEM respectively, while the energy resolution of 5.9 keV X-ray varied from 18% to 28% for both single and double THGEM detectors of different hole sizes and thicknesses.All the experiments were investigated in mixture of noble gases(argon,neon) and small content of other gases(iso-butane,methane) at atmospheric pressure.

Fast light of CsI(Na) crystals

The responds of different common alkali halide crystals to alpha-rays and gamma-rays are tested in our research. It is found that only CsI(Na) crystals have significantly different waveforms between alpha and gamma scintillations, while others have not this phenomena. It is suggested that the fast light of CsI(Na) crystals arises from the recombination of free electrons with self-trapped holes of the host crystal CsI. Self-absorption limits the emission of fast light of CsI(Tl) and NaI(Tl) crystals.

Aging of LAB-based liquid scintillator in stainless steel containers*

Types 316 and 304 stainless steel are two candidates for the storage vessels and piping systems of LAB-based liquid scintillator (LS) in the JUNO experiment. LS aging experiments are carried out at temperatures of 40 degrees C and 25 degrees C. After 192 days aging at 40 degrees C, the attenuation length of LS was reduced by 6% in a glass container, 12% in a type 304 stainless steel tank, and 10% in a type 316 stainless steel tank. At 25 degrees C in 304 and 316 stainless steel tanks, the attenuation length was reduced by 6% after 307 days. The light yield and the absorption spectrum were practically the same as that of the unaged sample. The concentration of element Fe in the LAB-based LS did not show a clear change. Type 316 and 304 stainless steel can be used as vessels and transportation pipeline material for LAB-based LS.

Laboratory measurement of radioactivity purification for 212 Pb in liquid scintillator

Liquid scintillator (LS) has been widely used in past and running neutrino experiments, and is expected also to be used in future experiments. Requirements on LS radio-purity have become higher and higher. Water extraction is a powerful method to remove soluble radioactive nuclei, and a mini-extraction station has been constructed. To evaluate the extraction efficiency and optimize the operation parameters, a setup to load radioactivity to LS and a laboratory scale setup to measure radioactivity using the 212Bi-212Po-208Pb cascade decay have been developed. Experience from this laboratory study will be useful for the design of large scale water extraction plants and the optimization of working conditions in the future.

A novel 2-dimensional cosmic ray position detector based on a CsI(Na) pixel array and an ICCD camera

A novel 2-D cosmic ray position detector has been built and studied. It is integrated from a CsI(Na) crystal pixel array, an optical fiber array, an image intensifier and an ICCD camera. The 2-D positions of one cosmic ray track is determined by the location of a fired CsI(Na) pixel. The scintillation light of these 1.0×1.0 mm CsI(Na) pixels is delivered to the image intensifier through fibers. The light information is recorded in the ICCD camera in the form of images, from which the 2-D positions can be reconstructed. The background noise and cosmic ray images have been studied. The study shows that the cosmic ray detection efficiency can reach up to 11.4%, while the false accept rate is less than 1%.