Jiang Liangwei

CRITICAL HYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS FOR OVERFLOW BURST OF MORAINE LAKE

Floodwater and debris flow caused by glacial lake burst is an important land process and a serious mountain disaster in glacial area of Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region, and the overflow burst is mainly caused by glacial landslide falling into moraine lake. On the premise that moraine lake is full, instantaneous burst in part of the lake bank happens, as flow velocity at burst mouth caused by overflow head is higher than threshold flow velocity of glacial till. Under some supposes, d90 and d10 of the glacial till in the bank were used as the threshold sizes of coarse and fine grains respectively. Thus, the formula of calculating threshold flow velocity of uniform sand was simplified, and threshold flow velocity of glacial till was calculated with the formula. Then, with synthesis formula calculating flow velocity of instantaneous part burst, flow velocity at overflow burst mouth was calculated, and calculation formula of critical height (H0) of overflow head was derived. Overflow head was caused by volume and surge of glacial landslide falling into moraine lake, calculation formulas of ascendant height (H1) of lake water surface and surge height (H2) on burst mouth caused by glacial landslide falling into moraine lake were derived. To sum up, critical hydrologic conditions of moraine lake burst with overflow form are: the burst is inevitable as H1>H0; the burst is possible as H1<H0 and (H1+H2)>H0; the burst is impossible as (H1+H2)<H0. In the factors influencing the burst critical conditions, it is advantageous for the burst that scale of the lake is 105m2 range; terminal glacial till is more fine and is even more uniform; the width of overflow mouth is even smaller than the length of the bank; the landslide has large scale and steep slip surface; and glacial end is close to the lake. With burst of Guangxiecuo Lake in Midui Valley of the Polongzangbu River in Xizang as an example, the burst critical conditions were tested.

An oversize correction method of dry density for non-cohesive soils filling the embankment of high-speed railway

Non-cohesive soils have been widely used in construction of high-speed railway for their excellent physical and mechanical properties, and the determination of maximum and minimum dry density of such soils containing oversize particles is an important topic. In this study, the influence of oversize particles on dry density of non-cohesive soils is investigated by packing tests. Test results show that oversize particles will make “extra” voids around their surfaces, which increase significantly if the size ratio of oversize material to matrix material is not very big. The dry density of the total material will be overestimated by Elimination Method due to the omission of the “extra” voids. Thus, a geometric model is proposed by which the “extra” voids can be taken into account, and a new oversize correction method for non-cohesive soils is developed. Test results confirm the applicability of this method on the condition of oversize fraction being less than 40% by mass.