Jichang Liu

Refining Tahe Heavy Crude Oil to Increase Light Product Yield

Traditional processing technology is not suitable for Tahe crude oil due to its low light distillate yield and poor quality. A new process, atmospheric flash evaporation-solvent deasphalting combined process, was put forward. The appropriate operating conditions of solvent deasphalting process were as follows: iso-pentane solvent, temperature of 175°C, pressure of 3.7MPa, solvent volume ratio of 5.0. Compared with atmospheric distillation-delayed coking process, total liquid product yield by new process could reach 78.77%, increasing by 9.47%. The quality of deasphalting oil met the feed requirements for catalytic cracking and de-oiled asphalt could be used as asphalt mixture additives.

Oxidative regeneration of deactivated binderless 5A molecular sieves for the adsorption–separation of normal hydrocarbons

Abstract The deactivation of binderless 5A molecular sieves for the adsorption–separation of normal hydrocarbons was investigated on a fixed-bed adsorber. The deactivated molecular sieves were regenerated by removing the coke deposited through oxidation under various conditions. They showed lower surface area, smaller pore volume, and larger pore diameter than the fresh sample because certain passages of small pore in the molecular sieves were blocked by the coke deposited. With the increase of the coke content in the molecular sieves, the deactivation rate decreased gradually. With the increase of oxidation temperature from 582 K to 787 K, the coke removal efficiency was elevated from 64% to 100%. At 787 K, the coke deposited in the molecular sieves was completely removed and the adsorption activity of the molecular sieves was recovered; however, the surface area and pore volume of the regenerated molecular sieves could not be restored to the original values of the fresh samples. Under 685–884 K, the removal of coke from the binderless 5A molecular sieves by the oxidative treatment could be expressed with a macrokinetic formula: ln(C0/C) = 0.013exp(−28122.1/T) (po2)0.32t.

The Modeling of Residue Solvent Deasphalting Product Molecular Weight Distribution with Continuous Thermodynamics

Abstract A product molecular weight distribution calculating model of residue solvent deasphalting has been built based on continuous thermodynamics and combined with simplified perturbed hard chain theory equation of state (SPHCT EOS). Deasphalted oil (DAO) and deoiling asphalt (DOA) molecular weight distribution as well as DAO yield (w) of butane solvent deasphalting have been obtained with the model under different temperature, pressure, and solvent ratios for a specific vacuum residue. Results indicated that the model was feasible and could be used as a basis to predict product properties and optimize operating conditions as well as as a foundation to build other refinery process models with continuous thermodynamics.

Liquid-Phase Adsorption Kinetics of n-Paraffins on 5A Zeolite

Abstract The adsorption kinetics of n-hexane from liquid-phase on 5A zeolite crystals, binderless pellets, powder with binder, and pellets with binder are investigated in order to develop the diffusion control mechanism. The adsorption kinetics of n-C5–n-C8 from liquid-phase are studied on binderless 5A zeolite pellets and the pellets containing binder. Adsorption rate of n-paraffins on binderless pellets is controlled by micropore diffusion while it is controlled by macropore diffusion on 5A zeolite pellets with binder. For the same adsorbate, the apparent diffusional time constants on the binderless pellets are about 6–11 times larger than those on others.

Performance of Additive JJZ-1 on Antifouling and Liquid-Improving in Delayed Coking Process

Abstract Based on an antifouling and liquid-improving mechanism, the additive JJZ-1 was developed. The experimental results indicated that the additive JJZ-1 had evident effect on antifouling and liquid improving. Adding 100 ~ 400 μg · g−1 additive JJZ-1 into five vacuum residues, the formation of foul in coking furnace tube can effectively reduced by 0.21 ~ 0.22%. The liquid oil yield increased by 1.50 ~ 1.68% in the delayed coking process. The coke yield and gas yield decreased by 0.80 ~ 1.10% and 0.55 ~ 0.81%, respectively. The characteristics of JJZ-1 additive were analyzed, and the mechanism for antifouling and liquid-improving was discussed.

Modeling Nanoparticle Dispersion in Electrospun Nanofibers

The quality of nanoparticle dispersion in a polymer matrix significantly influences the macroscopic properties of the composite material. Like general polymer-nanoparticle composites, electrospun nanofiber nanoparticle composites do not have an adopted quantitative model for dispersion throughout the polymer matrix, often relying on a qualitative assessment. Being such an influential property, quantifying dispersion is essential for the process of optimization and understanding the factors influencing dispersion. Here, a simulation model was developed to quantify the effects of nanoparticle volume loading (ϕ) and fiber-to-particle diameter ratios (D/d) on the dispersion in an electrospun nanofiber based on the interparticle distance. A dispersion factor is defined to quantify the dispersion along the polymer fiber. In the dilute regime (ϕ < 20%), three distinct regions of the dispersion factor were defined with the highest quality dispersion shown to occur when geometric constraints limit fiber volume accessibility. This model serves as a standard for comparison for future experimental studies and dispersion models through its comparability with microscopy techniques and as a way to quantify and predict dispersion in electrospinning polymer-nanoparticle systems with a single performance metric.

Preparation and evaluation of 30# hard grade asphalt

ABSTRACT The preparation and evaluation of 30# hard grade asphalt by blending softening point hard deoil asphalt with several soft components were investigated. The results showed that the properties and proportions of blending soft components had a great influence on the properties of 30# asphalt. Chunfeng 70# asphalt and Maoming deoil asphalt were more suitable as blending soft components and their blended asphalt met the technical requirements of GB/T 15180-2010 when the proportion of hard deoil asphalt were 6–12% and 8–16%, respectively. PG grade results indicated that dynamic modulus of 30# asphalts at high temperature increased significantly, and antirutting ability was also improved notably, while the bending resistant ability at low temperature was slightly inferior to the high-grade asphalt. The results of mix performance tests showed that 30# hard grade asphalt had excellent anti–high-temperature deformation ability and preferable water stability compared with high-grade asphalts.

Characterization of hard-grade asphalt using entropy analysis

ABSTRACT By adopting different technologies and raw materials, several kinds of hard-grade asphalts were prepared, and the correlation between performances and chemical compositions for these hard-grade asphalts was investigated based on grey relation entropy analysis. Results indicated that nine types of hard-grade asphalts were in accordance with GB/T 15180-2010 standard for 30# asphalt, although they have obvious differences in the performances. The main factors influencing high temperature performances were the presence of aromatics and resins and molecular weight distribution, while the main factors influencing temperature susceptibility were the presence of saturates and asphaltenes and the unstability of colloids. While there has been slight difference in Er(Xi) for ductility (10°C and 15°C), the remarkable factors influencing the crack resistance at low temperature (stiffness and m value) were the presence of aromatics and resins and molecular weight distribution, in accordance with high temperature performances.

Reduction of NOx in fluid catalytic cracking flue gas over Mg-Al spinel modified with transition metal oxides

ABSTRACT Mg-Al spinel modification with transition metal oxides of CuO, Mn2O3, and Fe2O3 was prepared to catalyze the NO+CO reaction for the DeNOx of fluid catalytic cracking flue gas. Mg-Al spinel modification with CuO showed the best catalytic performance for the easy adsorption of CO on CuO. The Cu+ in amorphous state of the catalyst surface was contributed for the main adsorption site of CO from the characterization results by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technology. The additive amount of CuO was optimized to 4%, and the excess CuO sintered and converted to crystal phase.

Biodegradation Performance of an Inner-Loop Three-Phase Fluidized-Bed Bioreactor to Treat Petrochemical Wastewater

In order to remove the petroleum hydrocarbons in petrochemical wastewater, an airlift inner-loop three-phase fluidized-bed (AITF) bioreactor was designed independently, combining the chemical embedding technique to treat petrochemical wastewater continuously. This biological fluidized bed reactor had an excellent antishock ability on the hydraulic loading capacity and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading capacity. Moreover, because the microbial biodegradation of petrochemical wastewater was difficult, the reactor also maintained good potential biodegradation capability, and the average COD removal rate was about 87% and average total petroleum hydrocarbons removal rate was about 95% in the steady continuous stage. The volumetric loading capacity of the AITF bioreactor is two to five times of that of traditional activated sludge methods.