Jihad H. Kaouk

Off-clamp Robot-assisted Partial Nephrectomy Preserves Renal Function: A Multi-institutional Propensity Score Analysis

BACKGROUNDnOngoing efforts are focused on minimizing or eliminating renal ischemia during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN). Although various techniques allowing the elimination of renal hilar clamping have been described, large multi-institutional studies assessing perioperative and functional outcomes of this approach are lacking.nnnOBJECTIVEnTo evaluate perioperative and functional outcomes of RPN without hilar clamping and to assess comparative effectiveness relative to clamped RPN.nnnDESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSnA multi-institutional data analysis of prospectively collected records of 886 RPNs performed by high-volume surgeons across five academic institutions between 2007 and 2011 was carried out. A total of 66 patients who underwent RPN without hilar clamping were identified. After the exclusion of 17 patients, perioperative results of 49 patients were compared against propensity score matched clamped controls.nnnINTERVENTIONnRPN without hilar clamping.nnnOUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSISnDescriptive statistics and propensity score matching.nnnRESULTS AND LIMITATIONSnPatients undergoing off-clamp RPN had a mean tumor size of 2.5 cm (standard deviation [SD]: ± 2.1) and a mean RENAL nephrometry score of 5.3 (SD: ± 1.5). The mean preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 81 (SD: ± 29). The mean estimated blood loss (EBL) was 210 ml (SD: ± 212), and the mean operative time was 155 min (SD: ± 46). No Clavien 3-5 complications were recorded. The mean postoperative change in eGFR was 3% at first follow-up (1-3 mo), and no patient required postoperative dialysis. The positive surgical margin rate was 3% (n=2), with no disease recurrence reported at a mean follow-up of 21 mo. In propensity score matched analyses, the off-clamp RPN patients had a significantly shorter mean operative time (156 min compared with 185 min, p<0.001), a higher EBL (228 ml compared with 157 ml, p=0.009), and a smaller decrease in eGFR (2% compared with -6%, p=0.008). The retrospective analysis was the main limitation of this study.nnnCONCLUSIONSnWith appropriately selected patients and adequate surgeon experience, off-clamp RPN is safe and feasible. Off-clamp RPN was associated with higher EBL, shorter operative times, and smaller decrease in renal function.

Robotic Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Radical Prostatectomy

Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) can be regarded as the latest progression in laparoscopic surgery and has garnered much enthusiasm. LESS is evolving, and robotic assistance and other technical developments may well lead to its further advancement. Early clinical experiences with LESS have pointed out several limitations related to technical constraints, including lack of triangulation, clashing of instruments, and limited operating space. To help overcome these limitations, the da Vinci surgical system has been applied to LESS and termed robotic LESS (R-LESS) (Desai et al., BJU Int 102:1666–1669, 2008; Kaouk et al., BJU Int 103:366–369, 2009; Barret et al., J Endourol 23:135–140, 2009; Kaouk and Goel, Eur Urol 55:1163–1170, 2009; Stein et al., Eur Urol 57:132–137, 2010; Barret et al., Int Braz J Urol, 2009).