Jin-Kook Lee

General system architecture for BIM: An integrated approach for design and analysis

One of the significant benefits of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is the ability to effectively use analysis and evaluation programs during design, as feedback. However, the current dominant approach to analysis and evaluation of design proposals requires the creation of a separate building model for each kind of evaluation. This typically involves using a BIM tool to prepare the data for a specific type of analysis to obtain design feedback. Most of the effort lies in modifying the building model to support the analysis required. When dealing with multiple evaluations, this process is time consuming, greatly reducing the design benefits of BIM. We propose a system architecture to facilitate analysis and feedback in architectural design, based on post-processing design-oriented building models. The post-processing automatically adapts the building model to the needs of the specific analysis, where multiple analyses can be run from the same building model. We outline the methods for realizing such design interoperability. By utilizing geometric and attribute relationships and semantics, data subsets are identified and aggregated. We present an example where the design of a class of buildings - federal courthouses, is evaluated in terms of multiple analyses: programmatic spaces, building circulation, energy consumption, and preliminary cost. These analyses are performed by post-processing a single BIM model. The method is applicable to both API-based direct interfaces as well as open-standard building models.

Implementation of a BIM Domain-specific Language for the Building Environment Rule and Analysis

This paper describes an implementation process for a domain-specific computer programming language: the Building Environment Rule and Analysis (BERA) Language. As the growing area of Building Information Modeling (BIM), there has been a need to develop highly customized domain-specific languages for handling issues in building models in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry sector. The BERA Language, one of the domain-specific languages, deals with building information models in an intuitive way in order to ensure the quality of design and assess the design programming requirements using user-defined rules in the early design phases. To accomplish these goals, the BERA Language provides the capabilities for an effectiveness and ease of use without precise knowledge of general-purpose languages that are conventionally used in BIM software development. Furthermore, the design and implementation of the BERA Language focuses on building objects and their associated information-rich properties and relationships. This paper represents the implementation issues of the BERA Language associated with the building information models, their mapping into the building data structure, and their instantiation and execution. In addition, Portability of the language, extensibility and platform-dependent issues are involved in the BERA Language implementation. The implementation described in this paper is based on the use of Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) as given building information models, Solibri Model CheckerⓇ

A Design Methodology for Energy Infrastructures at the Campus Scale

{\circledR }

Requirements for computational rule checking of requests for proposals (RFPs) for building designs in South Korea

(SMC) as an IFC engine, and the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) as a compilation and execution environment.

A Demonstration of BIM-Enabled Quantitative Circulation Analysis Using BERA Language

To improve the design of large-scale energy infrastructures such as campuses, energy managers need to predict the outcomes of interventions in buildings, as well as have sufficient insights in the implications of changes to the supply and generation network. This article develops a methodology to express overall network energy performance (NEP) with the aim to manage the properties of and multiple relationships between energy consumers and producers in the network. It is based on a directed graph that contains consumers and producers at its nodes, while the connecting arcs represent modes of energy exchange, thus expressing the overall energy topology. The NEP model supports decisions at the generation side, the consumption side, and defines the macroenergy connections, that is, which consumer nodes connect to which suppliers. Our approach forms a bridge between two competing approaches at opposite ends of the spectrum, (1) network models that use high-fidelity dynamic building simulation models but typically break down under the computational weight of hundreds of buildings, and (2) the large scale geographical information system (GIS) approaches that are capable to handle large urban collections of buildings but whose building models are typically too shallow to inspect individual building performance. As an example, the article illustrates the use of the NEP model in the support of systematic improvement of a university campus energy performance.

BIM-enabled Definition of a Path Object and its Properties to Evaluate Building Circulation using Numerical Data

We analyze objects and methods required for checking automated design compliance.We analyze 27 RFPs for various types of large public buildings in South Korea.Only 14% of over 9800 RFP sentences are analyzed as being computer-interpretable.Three types of objects and 29 types of methods are derived.The sufficiency of the objects and methods is validated using additional RFPs. This study reports on the requirements for developing computer-interpretable rules for checking the compliance of a building design in a request for proposal (RFP), especially in the building information modeling (BIM) environment. It focuses on RFPs for large public buildings (over 5million dollars) in South Korea, which generally entail complex designs. A total of 27 RFPs for housing, office, exhibition, hospital, sports center, and courthouse projects were analyzed to develop computer-interpreted RFP rules. Each RFP was composed of over 1800 sentences. Of these, only three to 366 sentences could be translated into a computer-interpretable sentence. For further analysis, this study deployed context-free grammar (CFG) in natural language processing, and classified morphemes into four categories: i.e., object (noun), method (verb), strictness (modal), and others. The subcategorized morphemes included three types of objects, twenty-nine types of methods, and five levels of strictness. The coverage applicability of the derived objects and methods was checked and validated against three additional RFP cases and then through a test case using a newly developed model checker system. The findings are expected to be useful as a guideline and basic data for system developers in the development of a generalized automated design checking system for South Korea.

Rule Checking Method-Centered Approach to Represent Building Permit Requirements

This paper describes a BIM-enabled spatial analysis approach that enables us to compute specific quantitative data using BERA (Building Environment Rule and Analysis) Language and its tool. By comparing design alternatives for an actual building model, this paper also demonstrates building circulation and its associated properties of numeric data. The conventional software-driven approaches have intrinsic limitations that include limited interfaces, restricted parameters, closed rules except pre-defined rules, etc. A script language-based approach, however, is strongly necessary for various and flexible design review tasks especially for retrieving and computing specific dataset. This paper specifically demonstrates actual design review tasks as follows: 1) comparison and visualization of the differences between design alternatives in terms of their different spatial allocations; 2) analyzing numeric data result, NDBC (Numeric Data of Building Circulation), for evaluation of building circulation factors in each department of building; and as a result, 3) overall quantitative analysis and its result will be reported on given actual BIM models in order to support design decision making among various spatial allocation scenarios. For the actual demonstration presented in this paper, we modified some part of BERA language applications and defined appropriate BERA program code and Java code that are executable on given BIM models.

Visualization of the Airborne Dust Concentration on the Building Floor Plans

In this paper, we seek to define the path object and its properties as an instance level of a circulation path between two spaces. We further suggest the practical application of path objects in design review issues using numeric data on building circulation (NDBC) as a complete collection of circulation paths from a given Building Information Modeling (BIM) model. As the use of BIM is increasingly being implemented in architecture, engineering, and construction industries, rich data related to building objects and useful digital representations have been developed for specific circulation review tasks. Among the several benefits observed from such applications, this paper focuses on the BIM-enabled formal definition of the path object and its properties. We further demonstrate the use of several analysis applications using the NDBC. Due to the rich spatial information defined in a BIM model, path objects can be instantiated dynamically, and a specific data model for building circulation paths can be defined with a series of numeric data sets. In this paper, the formal definition of a path object and its properties are explored, and one of its NDBC applications is clarified and demonstrated for further circulation analysis tasks using a software tool developed by us.

NLP and Deep Learning-based Analysis of Building Regulations to support Automated Rule Checking System

This paper aims to describe rule checking method, classification and its demonstration. As applications of BIM extends, there have been some challenging projects on automated building compliance checking. The current rule-making method is developercentered and thus is difficult to define rules without propound programming knowledge. This paper introduces high level rule making methods with law sentence-centered approach. The proposed methods have intuitive naming convention and are directly mapped with the predicate of the law sentences. Therefore, it is easy to infer function of the methods. According to the type of object and property in instance level, three hierarchies of method classification were set: 1) level 1 divides types of instance, 2) level 2 classifies the type of property, and 3) level 3 specifies the content of checking. From the level 3, representative rule checking method is defined. The representative method is subdivided into extended methods according to the specific object and property to check. The rule checking methods are combined together to form an intermediate pseudocode. The pseudo-code is later to be parsed into computer executable form. This paper mainly focuses on 1) introducing law sentence -centered rule checking method, 2) object and property-based classification of rule checking method, 3) method extensibility and 4) demonstration of rule checking methods with actual requirement sentences from the Korea Building Permit. The high level rule checking method is developed as a part of KBimLogic. KBimLogic is a software that translates the Korea Building Permit requirement into computer executable format. KBimLogic is now under development with government funding.

Visual Language-based approach for the Definition of Building Permit Related Rules

Indoor airborne dust concentration is one of the most adverse factors for human health. Especially, inhalable fine particles under 2.5micrometres in diameter (PM2.5) easily permeate into human body causing serious respiratory diseases. The problem is that the air pollutions are hard to be detected with human sense organs alone. Therefore, the development of an effective method to figure out the indoor air quality should be combined with other political approach. Moreover, measuring wide range of indoor environment continuously became affordable because of diverse sensors become downsized and low-priced. In this regards, as the way to collect and intuitively visualize the indoor dust concentration data, this paper proposes an integrated approach to the visualization of indoor dust concentration on the building floor plans. The entire system consists of four major stages: 1) Dust concentration measurement, 2) Data processing, 3) Layer generation and 4) Data mapping. The sensor toolkit was implemented with Arduino Uno Board and Optical dust sensor (GP2Y1010AU0F), which is able to measure fine particles over 0.8um at maximum. In short, this paper proposes a way to visualize of indoor dust density.