Jin-Peng Yuan

Investigation of feasibility of bamboo charcoal as solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the enrichment and determination of four phthalate esters in environmental water samples.

This paper demonstrates, for the first time, that adsorptive potential of bamboo charcoal for solid-phase extraction of phthalate esters was investigated. The four phthalate esters, dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), are quantitatively adsorbed on a bamboo charcoal packed cartridge, then the analytes retained on the cartridge are quantitatively desorbed with optimum amounts of acetone. Finally, the analytes in the eluant acetone are determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detectior. Important parameters influencing the extraction efficiency, such as eluant and its volume, flow rate of sample, sample volume, pH, the amount of adsorbent and ionic strength were investigated and optimized in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection were 0.35-0.43 microg/L for four phthalate esters. The proposed method has been applied to the analysis of rainwater and tap water samples. And satisfactory spiked recoveries were obtained in the range of 75.0-114.2%. All the results indicated that the bamboo charcoal has great potential as a novel adsorbent material for the enrichment and determination of phthalate esters in real environmental water samples.

Application of bamboo charcoal as solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of atrazine and simazine in environmental water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector

In this article, a new method for the determination of triazine herbicides atrazine and simazine in environment aqueous samples was developed. It was based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) using bamboo charcoal as adsorbent and high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) for the enrichment and determination of atrazine and simazine at trace level. Related important factors influencing the extraction efficiency, such as the kind of eluent and its volume, flow rate of the sample, pH of the sample, and volume of the sample, were investigated and optimized in detail. Under the optimal conditions, the experimental results showed that excellent linearity was obtained over the range of 0.5-30 microg L(-1) with correlation coefficients 0.9991 and 0.9982, for atrazine and simazine, respectively; and the relative standard deviations of two analytes were 8.3, 8.7%, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of tap water and well water samples. And satisfactory spiked recoveries were obtained in the range of 75.2-107.1%. The above results indicated that the developed method was an excellent alternative for the routine analysis in environmental field.

Highly sensitive determination of tetrabromobisphenol A and bisphenol A in environmental water samples by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Using bamboo-activated charcoal as SPE adsorbent, a novel SPE method was developed for the sensitive determination of tetrabromobisphenol A and bisphenol A in environmental water samples by rapid-resolution LC-ESI-MS/MS. Important parameters influencing extraction efficiency, including type of eluent, eluent volume, sample pH, volume and flow rate, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal extraction conditions (eluent: 8 mL methanol, pH: 7; flow rate: 4 mL/min; sample volume: 100 mL), low LODs (0.01-0.02 ng/mL), good repeatability (6.2-8.3%) and wide linearity range (0.10-10 ng/mL) were obtained. Satisfied results were achieved when the proposed method was applied to determine the two target compounds in real-world environmental water samples with spiked recoveries over the range of 80.5-119.8%. All these facts indicate that trace determination of tetrabromobisphenol A and bisphenol A in real-world environmental water samples can be realized by bamboo-activated charcoal SPE-rapid resolution-LC-ESI-MS/MS.

Temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction for the sensitive determination of triclosan and triclocarban in environmental water samples prior to HPLC-ESI-MS/MS.

A novel dispersive liquid-phase microextraction method without dispersive solvents has been developed for the enrichment and sensitive determination of triclosan and triclocarban in environmental water samples prior to HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. This method used only green solvent 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as extraction solvent and overcame the demerits of the use of toxic solvents and the instability of the suspending drop in single drop liquid-phase microextraction. Important factors that may influence the enrichment efficiencies, such as volume of ionic liquid, pH of solutions, extraction time, centrifuging time and temperature, were systematically investigated and optimized. Under optimum conditions, linearity of the method was observed in the range of 0.1-20 microg/L for triclocarban and 0.5-100 microg/L for triclosan, respectively, with adequate correlation coefficients (R>0.9990). The proposed method has been found to have excellent detection sensitivity with LODs of 0.04 and 0.3 microg/L, and precisions of 4.7 and 6.0% (RSDs, n=5) for triclocarban and triclosan, respectively. This method has been successfully applied to analyze real water samples and satisfactory results were achieved.

Ionic liquid/ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, a new sample enrichment procedure for the determination of hexabromocyclododecane diastereomers in environmental water samples

In this paper, a new ionic liquid/ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (IL/IL-DLLME) procedure has been developed for the rapid enrichment and determination of three hexabromocyclododecane diastereomers (α-, β- and γ-HBCD) in environmental water samples prior to rapid resolution liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-ESI-MS/MS). In the IL/IL-DLLME procedure, two kinds of ionic liquids (ILs), a hydrophobic IL and a hydrophilic IL, were used as an extraction solvent and a disperser solvent, respectively. Some important parameters that might affect the extraction efficiencies were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection could reach 0.12–0.22 µg L−1, and the precisions were 4.1–6.7% (n = 7). The linear range was obtained over the range 1–100 µg L−1 for the total concentration of the three HBCD diastereomers. It was satisfactory to analyze real environmental water samples with the recoveries ranging from 88.0 to 114%. All these facts indicated that the IL/IL-DLLME procedure would be a simple alternative for the rapid enrichment and analysis of pollutants in environmental water samples.

Sensitive determination of phenols in environmental water samples with SPE packed with bamboo carbon prior to HPLC

Bamboo carbon, an inexpensive, readily available material, has attracted great attention in recent years because of adsorptive properties. In this paper, the potential of bamboo carbon as a SPE adsorbent for the determination of phenols, was investigated. Phenols are important environmental contaminants that may adversely affect human health. Parameters influencing extraction efficiency, including type of eluent, eluent volume, amount of adsorbent, as well as sample pH, volume, and flow rate were investigated and optimized. The optimized results exhibited excellent linear relationships between peak area and phenol concentrations over the range of 2.0-100 ng/mL, with precision between 2.2-7.2%. The LODs were 0.06-0.4 ng/mL for the eight phenols tested. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of several real-world environmental water samples. These results indicate that bamboo carbon may be used as a novel SPE adsorbent for the concentration and determination of phenols in real environmental water samples.

Hollow fiber-protected metal–organic framework materials as micro-solid-phase extraction adsorbents for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in water samples by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A novel modified micro-solid-phase extraction (μ-SPE) device was developed in this study using hollow fiber-protected metal–organic framework (MOF) materials as sorbents. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used as model compounds. Gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was used for sample quantification and detection. Important factors that affect the extraction were investigated and optimized in detail. The developed μ-SPE-GC-MS/MS method had low limits of detection (0.15 ng L−1 to 0.63 ng L−1, S/N = 3), relatively high precision (relative standard deviation <13.5%), and good linearity in the range of 5–1000 ng L−1 for seven PCBs under optimized conditions. The μ-SPE device was more robust than the traditional “envelope” type device and could be used for more than 80 replicate extractions without performance loss. The proposed method was successfully used for analyzing environmental water samples. The results obtained in this paper demonstrate that the hollow fiber protection of MOF materials is an effective type of μ-SPE for aromatic pollutant extraction in water samples.

Rapid analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soil by matrix solid‐phase dispersion using bamboo charcoal as dispersive sorbent

An expeditious and sensitive method for the analysis of eight major polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soil is presented in this study. The method is based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction and gas chromatography with negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Bamboo charcoal, a cheap and potentially useful material, was selected for the first time as the MSPD dispersive sorbent. Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, including the ratio of sorbent to sample, and the type and amount of eluent, were investigated and optimized in detail. Under optimal conditions, the spiked recovery of the PBDEs was in the range 71.7-105.9%, and the limits of detection varied from 10 to 400 pg g(-1) (dry weight). Excellent linearity with correlation coefficients (r(2)) of 0.9992-0.9999 was obtained over the concentration range of 0.10-500 ng g(-1) , except for BDE-209, for which the effective concentration range was 1.0-5000 ng g(-1) . The developed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of PBDEs in real soil samples.