Jin Xiang Fu

Effect of Temperature on Electricity Generation of Single-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells with Proton Exchange Membrane

The effects of temperature on electricity performance and microbial activity were investigated in single-chamber microbial fuel cell with proton exchange membrane (S-PEM-MFC) using glucose as substrate with phosphate buffer solution(PBS). The results showed that S-PEM-MFC able to adapt to a wide temperature range of 11, 18, 25, 30 and 35°C. The open circuit voltage, polarization, power density and microbial activity of S-PEM-MFC were increased with increasing temperature from 11 to 30°C. The maximum power density were 193.8mW∙m-3 at 30°C. Compared to 30°C, the battery open circuit voltage increased by only 4.8% at 35°C, while the polarization and power density is almost the same. These results demonstrate that according to the principle of economy which 30°C should be the optimal operating temperature of S-PEM-MFC.

Simultaneous Removal of Iron, Manganese and Ammonia from Groundwater in Single Biofilter Layer Using BAF

Biological aerated filter (BAF) was employed to remove iron, manganese and ammonia from groundwater. The filter was in continuous operation under hydraulic loading of 3m3/m2.h. The influence of air-water ratio, the removal effects of iron, manganese and ammonia respective, and the oxidation of the three pollutants, the change of dissolved oxygen along the filter depth were investigated in this research. And the results was obtained, that the optimal air-water ratio was determined by 3, which made the dissolved oxygen concentration in the filter central be 4.75mg/l, and the removal of iron, manganese and ammonia be above 90%, 99% and 87%, respectively. The efficient removal of manganese occurred in the central and lower parts of the filter. More iron was oxidated at the upper 0.75m of the filter, and the oxidation velocity of manganese and ammonia would be limited, when the inlet iron concentration was higher. Nitrification process consumed more dissolved oxygen, which made dissolved oxygen concentration decrease along the filter depth from 0 to 1.25m. The demand of filtration depth is 1.6m, for simultaneous removal.

Low-Temperature Domestication of an Iron and Manganese Oxidizing Bacteria

Abstract.One superior iron and manganese bacteria were separated from the stable operation of porcelain granular BAF filters of removing iron, manganese and ammonia. The bacteria was domesticated at low temperature. By analyzing the sample water containing iron and manganese in the role of iron and manganese bacteria which was not domesticated and domesticated at different temperature, observing the Iron and manganese concentration with time going on, studying the bacteria’s removal of iron and manganese property and the domesticated effect. Studies show that: the selected bacteria with 1% bacterial liquid at proper temperature within 48h ,the removal rate of iron and manganese was 75% and 35% respectively;After domesticated at low temperature, the removal rate of the iron and manganese domesticated bacteria at 10°C was improved 0.4 and 2 times more than the before domesticated; The iron and manganese domesticated bacteria at 10°C did not grow at 4°C,but the bacteria’s removal rate was better than the bacteria cultured at 30°C,and the iron removal rate was improved from 23% to 35%,the manganese removal rate was improved from 5% to 11%.

The Influence of Inorganic Carbon on Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation

Through running anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactors for a few days, we found that inorganic carbon source has great influence on anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactions. The inorganic carbon source increasing, the effect of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria reaction is much better and the processing rate is high. And if there are no inorganic carbon source, anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactions are running anomaly. The processing rate of nitrate nitrogen is about 80%, and the processing rate of ammonia nitrogen is only 30% or so. The anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria metabolic is getting worse and worse.

Research on Heavy Metal Pollution Sudden Emergency Processing Method in Water Environment

The paper introduced the source and harmfulness of heavy metal pollution in water environment and summarized the applications of the chemical method, physiochemical method and biological method in heavy metal pollution of sudden emergency accident. Meanwhile, the heavy metal pollution emergency processing technology of rivers, lakes and other water bodies were elaborated and the emergency engineering technology of heavy metal pollution in rivers and lakes were analyzed. Finally, the application of bioremediation on heavy metal pollution caused by sudden emergency accident was prospected.

Backwashing Effect on Stabilization of Immobilized Bacteria on Biological Activated Carbon Filter

Six dominant microorganisms including four kinds of Pseudomonas and two kinds of Bacillus were isolated from substrate sludge for improving the organic substance removal ability for the biological activated carbon filter (BAC). This paper examines the backwashing effect on the stabilization of these six microorganisms immobilized on the filter. The results showed the backwashing had more impact on bacteria stabilization of BAC filter during start-up period than the stabilization period. The biomass loss was 28.57% during the start-up period more than the stabilization period which biomass loss was 11.76%. The Scan Electron Microscope (SEM) and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis of Polymerase Chain Reaction amplified 16S rRNA (PCR-DGGE) photos showed that the ecology of the population did not change with the operation. The biomass of dominant microorganism after air-water scour backwashing decreased during the start-up period and retained stability during long term performance.

Effect of Anode with Pretreatment on the Electricity Generation of a Single Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell

Electricity can be generated during the wastewater treatment by microbial fuel cell (MFC). Effect of the anode pretreatment method, anode modification and electronic media in anolyte on electricity generation of a single chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC) with an air cathode was investigated by performance measurement of the MFC during one cycle of generating electricity. Results show that the discharge time of MFCs with stainless steel anode pretreated by NH4Cl and HCl is longer than that with anode pretreated by the distilled water and NaOH; the performance of MFC with anode pretreated by NH4Cl is the best; comparison with stainless steel anode and adhere activated carbon, the current of MFC with the stainless steel anode adhere the carbon fiber is the maximum and its Coulombic efficiency is the highest; The electricity generation characteristics of the MFC with the anode adhered carbon fiber and pretreated by NH4Cl and the anolyte added the electronic media is the best. The action of the electronic medium and the NH4Cl on the MFC is synergism. Its of great significance that the research results improve the performance of MFC by anode pretreatment.

The start-up of denitrifying phosphorus removal system by using nitrite as electron acceptor

The inoculation of short-cut denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (DPAOs) mainly included two-phase inoculation and three-phase inoculation. The short-cut denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria were quickly inoculated by sequencing batch reactor (SBR) to treatment domestic wastewater. The results showed that the average effluent concentration of TP was 0.85 mg/L after 132 cycles by 44 days in two-phase inoculation. The removal rates of NO2 --N, TP and COD were 94.73%, 95.47% and 89.96% after 126 cycles by 42 days in three-phase inoculation, and the effluent concentrations were separately 1.31 mg/L, 0.45 mg/L and 17.07 mg/L, which reached the first A class requirement of Urban sewage treatment plant pollutant discharge standard. It was indicated that the efficiency of three-phase inoculation was higher. Anoxic phosphorus uptake was influenced seriously by anaerobic residual carbon, and it was the difference of the two inoculations.

Research on Waste Materials with Decentralized White Spirit Wastewater Pretreatment by Fe-C Micro-Electrolysis

This research adopts the important iron electrolysis, removal of the wastewater of high COD, SS, phosphorus pretreatment experiment. Discusses the different iron dosing quantity, iron carbon ratio, and pH value, reaction time on the COD and turbidity, the influence of the phosphorus removal effect. Studies show that iron important electrochemical test in brewery wastewater treatment static optimal processing conditions for: water pH value is 4, 5% dosage of iron filings, 60 min temperature response, COD removal rate was 52.31%. When the iron carbon ratio of 2:1, removing effect is good, can reach 54.53%.

Application of Plackett-Burman Design in Screening the Significant Factors Effecting Denitrification of Salinity Wastewater by Biofortification SBR

A Plackett–Burman design was employed to investigate the effect of various parameters on the denitrification effect of high salinity wastewater treated by biofortification SBR.The purposes of this study were to investigate the significance of pH, DO, C/N, the initial ammonia concentration, salinity, the amount of bacteria and sludge concentration (MLSS).Factors which have significant influence on the denitrification effect of biofortification SBR treatment are quickly screened and used to establish a mathematical model.The results of quick screening provide critical factors for the optimization of operating parameters.