Jiseon Lee

Effects of the Mating System on Retail Cut Yield and Meat Quality in Commercial Pigs

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the mating system on the retail cut yield and meat quality in pigs. A total of 210 samples were used to estimate meat productivity and meat quality two blocks of two boarlines Duroc (D) and Berkshire (B) were mated to sows of the sowlines Yorkshire ×Landrace (YL) and Berkshire (B). Results showed that YLD (YL×D ) and BD (B×D ) had higher percentages of Boston butt and belly than YLB while it has higher percentages of lean meat yield than YLB (YL×B ). There were no significant differences in crude protein and ash content of pork from different breeds (P>0.05). However, YLB and YLD had higher moisture content in loin and Boston butt than BD (P<0.05). The pH of BD was highest in pork loin and belly (P<0.05). There differences in meat yield, pH and moisture content among the genotypes suggested that pork quality might be affected by the lightness and cooking loss. BD was lowest lightness value (CIE L*) and cooking loss in pork loin among the genotypes (P<0.05). The percentage of saturated palmitic acid (C16:0) in Boston butt (P<0.05) of BD had significant lower, while the percentage of unsaturated palmitoleic (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1) had higher in pork loin and belly (P<0.05). Drip and marbling score were found significantly different in genotypes and BD had lower drip and higher marbling score in pork loin and belly (P<0.05). The sensory evaluations indicated that the highest overall acceptability in BD was attained. From the results, BD breed had highest meat quality among crossbred pigs. (

Effect of Liposome-coated Hemicellulase on the Tenderization of Burdock

The elderly or patients with masticatory disturbance and deglutition dysfunctions, may have difficulty in chewing or biting foods with a hard texture. Thus, softening of the texture of foods using hemicellulase immobilized by the nanoencapsulation technique was examined in this study. Burdock was cut into cylindrical-shaped samples, which were immersed in distilled water and non-coated or coated enzymes for 48 h at 4 o C. The hardness of the treated samples decreased compared to the control. Microstructural observations revealed that the cells in the non-coated burdock were destroyed after 24 h. From the point of view of enzyme activity, the initial activity of the non-coated enzymes was higher than that of the coated enzymes. However, the enzyme activity was not significantly affected by the immersion time. Therefore, it appears that the encapsulation technique for enzymes may be useful for softening the texture of foods.

Estimation of Terminal Sire Effect on Swine Growth and Meat Quality Traits

A submerged biofilm sequencing batch reactor (SBSBR) process, which liquor was internally circulated through sandfilter, was designed, and performances in swine wastewater treatment was evaluated under a condition of no external carbon source addition. Denitrification of NOx-N with loading rate in vertical and slope type of sandfilter was 19% and 3.8%, respectively, showing approximately 5 times difference, and so vertical type sandfilter was chosen for the combination with SBSBR. When the process was operated under 15 days HRT, 105L/hr.m3 of internal circulation rate and 54g/m3.d of NH4-N loading rate, treatment efficiencies of STOC, NH4-N and TN (as NH4-N plus NOx-N) was 75%, 97% and 85%, respectively. By conducting internal circulation through sandfilter, removal performances of TN were enhanced by 14%, and the elevation of nitrogen removal was mainly attributed to occurrence of denitrification in sandfilter. Also, approximately 57% of phosphorus was removed with the conduction of internal circulation through sandfilter, meanwhile phosphorus concentration in final effluent rather increased when the internal circulation was not performed. Therefore, It was quite sure that the continuous internal circulation of liquor through sandfilter could contribute to enhancement of biological nutrient removal. Under 60g/m3.d of NH4-N loading rate, the NH4-N level in final effluent was relatively low and constant(below 20mg/L) and over 80% of nitrogen removal was maintained in spite of loading rate increase up to 100g/m3.d. However, the treatment efficiency of nitrogen was deteriorated with further increase of loading rate. Based on this result, an optimum loading rate of nitrogen for the process would be 100g/m3.d.

Breed Effects of Terminal Sires on Carcass Traits and Real Retail Cut Yields in Commercial Pig Industry

Data of 369 commercial pigs produced from YorkshrexLancrace (YL F1) sows crossed with either Duroc (D), Berkshire (B) or BerkshirexDuroc(BD F1) as a terminal sire were used for the comparison of carcass garde and real retail cut yield. The crosses were performed between May, 2004 and May, 2006 at three interrlated farms belonging to the Gyeongam pork brand. The average carcass weight, carcass backfat thickness, carcass rate, AB grade ratio, lean meat yield were 84.78 ± 0.33 kg, 20.72 ± 0.237 mm, 76.25 ± 0.208%, 85.7% and 44.30 ± 0.158%, respectively. The average weights of real retail cut were 10.32 ± 0.062 kg belly, 4.17 ± 0.025 kg boston butt, 3.88 ± 0.022 kg rib, 8.40 ± 0.040 kg picnic, 15.15 ± 0.081 kg ham, 6.44 ± 0.043 kg loin and 0.94 ± 0.006 kg tender loin. In comparisons of carcass traits among cross types, carcass weights and backfat thicknesses of YL( )×B ( ), YL( )×B D( ) and YL( )×D ( ) were 85.73 ± 0.516 kg, 82.69 ± 0.788 kg and 84.79 ± 0.603 kg, respectively and 22.09 ± 0.356 mm, 20.33 ± 0.543 mm and 19.58 ± 0.415 mm, respectively. The YL( )×B ( ) cross showed the highest carcass weight and backfat thickness. The ratio of AB grade were 0.83 ± 0.030% in YL( )×B ( ), 0.97 ± 0.046% in YL( )×B D ( ) and 0.83 ± 0.035% in YL( )×D ( ), and the YL( )×B D( ) was higher than other two crosses. Weights of belly were 10.28 ± 0.092 kg in YL( )×B ( ), 10.59 ± 0.133 kg in YL( )×B D( ) and 10.25 ± 0.107 kg in YL( )×D ( ). Consequently, the YL( )×B D( ) cross showed the highest yield. In conclusion, there was no difference in carcass yield of commercial pigs derived from BD (F1) terminal sires with those from D terminal sires. However, weight of belly and AB grade ratio from BD (F1) terminal sires are higher than two others. Therefore, BD (F1) sire could be utilized as terminal one and contribute better profit for the pig industry.