Joachim Brossmann

Freyschmidt’s “Koehler/Zimmer” Borderlands of Normal and Early Pathological Findings in Skeletal Radiography

1 Introduction to the Radiological Evaluation of Normal Variants 2 Upper Extremity The Hand Metacarpus and Phalanges (Specific Bones of the Hand, Middle Phalanges, Proximal Phalanges, Thumb, Metacarpus) Carpus (wrist) (Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate, Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform) Forearm Distal Radius and Ulna Diaphysis of the Forearm Elbow Region Upper Arm Diaphysis Proximal Humerus 3 Shoulder Girdle and Thorax Scapula Acromioclavicular Joint The Shoulder Joint as a Whole Clavicle and Sternoclavicular Joint Sternum Ribs 4 Skull Cranial Vault Skull Base (Sella turcica, Temporal Bone, Middle Ear, Air Cells, and External Auditory Canal, Petrous Temporal Bone and Inner Ear, Styloid Process, Hyoid Bone) Facial Skeleton (Orbit, Paranasal Sinuses, Zygomatic Arch, Mandible, Temporomandibular Joint) 5 Spinal Column Atlas and Axis Midcervical and Lower Cervical Spine Thoracic Spine Lumbar Spine Sacrum and Coccyx Sacroiliac Joints 6 Pelvis Ilium Pubis Pubic Symphysis and Ischium, Hip Joint 7 Lower Extremity Femur Femoral Shaft Distal Femur Patella Proximal Tibia and Fibula Knee Joint as a Whole Shaft of the Tibia and Fibula Distal Tibia and Fibula Foot (Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular Bone, Cuboid Bone, Medial Cuneiform Bone, Intermediate and Lateral Cuneiform Bones, Metatarsal Bones, Sesamoid Bones, Toes)