João Batista Pereira Cabral

Gamma-ray spectrometry sensor and geochemical prospecting in an area of sugar cane plantation

ABSTRACT In this study the K, U and Th radionuclide concentrations were determined in a sugar cane plantation that received large quantities of fertilizer and gypsum. Geochemical data were obtained for the clay, iron and organic matter in the soil samples, taken from depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm. The average radionuclide concentrations were 71 Bq Kg -1 for K; 5.97 Bq Kg -1 for U, and 11.26 Bq Kg -1 for Th, and the uranium was variable (56%). The radionuclide average concentrations for the different fertilizer compositions varied in the range of 603.5 - 8855.0 Bq Kg -1 for K; 27.3 - 684.4 Bq Kg -1 for U, and 58 - 788.5 Bq Kg for Th, and it was most variable for K (53%). Gypsum average concentrations were 82.6 Bq Kg -1 for K, 641.5 Bq Kg for U, and 201.7 Bq Kg for Th, and it was most variable for K (46%). Average organic matter, clay and iron concentrations for both the depths were 0.71 and 0.68 %; 16.2 and 16.9 %, and 29.0 and 26.8 mg/l respectively. Key words : Fertilizers, soils, radionuclides, gamma-ray spectrometry

CONCENTRAÇÃO DE SEDIMENTOS EM SUSPENSÃO: Reservatório de Cachoeira Dourada - GO/MG, Brasil

The determination of the sediments in suspension concentration (CSS) in the Cachoeira Dourada Hydreletric Plant’s reservoir, was realized in two periods, the first in June 2003 and the other in February 2005. The humid and dry periods’ referred CSS showed the predominance of values up to 10 mg/l. However, in the Araras and Corgao rivers mounths, the concentration values reached more than 10 mg/l, like those ones between Corgao and Flecha rivers, which values reached 15 mg/l. The water visibility index (SEC) between Corgao dam and its stream presented values with amplitudes between 100-120 cm and 80-100 cm in the humid and dry periods, respectively. The minor values (CSS and SEC) to the stretch located between Candango and Patos streams can be related to the transverse section’s increase, out flowing’s speed reduction and to the existence of accumulations of water macrophytes.

MAPEAMENTO DA FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CORREGO DA ONÇA EM JATAÍ (GO), UTILIZANDO TECNICAS DE GEOPROCESSAMENTO

POLLINATOR FORAGING STRATEGY IN Galactia peduncularis (BENTH.) TAUB. (LEGUMINOSAE: PAPILIONOIDEA) IN THE PARQUE ESTADUAL DA SERRA DE CALDAS NOVAS BRAZIL The way the animals look for food is an important characteristic of their behavior. The optimal foraging theory is based on the existence of a balance between costs and benefits of these behavioral decisions. The present study aimed to evaluate the behavior of the pollinator in response to increased availability of floral resources. The experiment was conducted in a recently burned Cerrado area (Campo rupestre) in the State Park of Serra de Caldas Novas , located in the municipalities of Caldas Novas and Rio Quente Brazil. The species chosen to test our hypothesis was Galactia peduncularis (Benth.) Taub. (Leguminosae: Papilionoidea). 17 pairs of specimens were selected with a number of flowers, and the individuals of each pair were spaced by about 2m. In these pairs, one of them was considered the focal, and the other, the isolated. To test possible differences in pollination between isolated plants and focus, we performed two randomization tests: a test binary (TB), where all pairs were analyzed and verified the number of times where the focus on the individual floral visits were higher than the number of visits in isolated. According to the data analyzed, floral visitors preferred to use plants that could provide a greater amount of floral resources so that the number of visitors varied positively with the increment of flowers. Plants with many flowers can provide a greater amount of food in one location so that visitors do not need to flower around for long distances in search of meeting their energy needs.

INCÊNDIOS EM VEGETAÇÃO ENTRE 2000 E 2002, NAS PROPRIEDADES RURAIS LIMÍTROFES ÀS RODOVIAS PAVIMENTADAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE JATAI-GO

POLLINATOR FORAGING STRATEGY IN Galactia peduncularis (BENTH.) TAUB. (LEGUMINOSAE: PAPILIONOIDEA) IN THE PARQUE ESTADUAL DA SERRA DE CALDAS NOVAS BRAZIL The way the animals look for food is an important characteristic of their behavior. The optimal foraging theory is based on the existence of a balance between costs and benefits of these behavioral decisions. The present study aimed to evaluate the behavior of the pollinator in response to increased availability of floral resources. The experiment was conducted in a recently burned Cerrado area (Campo rupestre) in the State Park of Serra de Caldas Novas , located in the municipalities of Caldas Novas and Rio Quente Brazil. The species chosen to test our hypothesis was Galactia peduncularis (Benth.) Taub. (Leguminosae: Papilionoidea). 17 pairs of specimens were selected with a number of flowers, and the individuals of each pair were spaced by about 2m. In these pairs, one of them was considered the focal, and the other, the isolated. To test possible differences in pollination between isolated plants and focus, we performed two randomization tests: a test binary (TB), where all pairs were analyzed and verified the number of times where the focus on the individual floral visits were higher than the number of visits in isolated. According to the data analyzed, floral visitors preferred to use plants that could provide a greater amount of floral resources so that the number of visitors varied positively with the increment of flowers. Plants with many flowers can provide a greater amount of food in one location so that visitors do not need to flower around for long distances in search of meeting their energy needs.

Avaliação do estado de assoreamento do reservatório de Cachoeira Dourada (GO/MG)

This research analyzed the degree of sedimentation in Cachoeira Dourada reservoir Brazil, belonging to the Paranaiba hydrologic catchment basin. Were evaluated bottom sediments of the lake, in an area of 74 km2. Were considered particle and bathymetric parameters. The results, presented on the maps, showed the distribution of the particles chacteristics and allowed to estimate the volume of sediments. The bottom deposits are essentially constituted of silt and clay in the portion near the dike; of fine and very fine sandy material in the middle sector of the reservoir and, in the beginning of the reservoir, we have since silt just large sand. By comparison of topographic data, since the construction of the reservoir, with present measured bathymetric data, the Cachoeira Dourada reservoir lost 38.5 % of its original storing capacity. The expected reservoir useful life, estimated in this research, is of about 145 years, following this deposition rhythm.

Alterações no uso da Terra da Bacia Hidrográfica da UHE Salto do rio Verdinho, Goiás, Brasil

O modelo de Uso da Terra no Bioma Cerrado passou por grandes alteracoes a partir da decada de 70, ficando bem evidente, apos implantacoes de programas e planos de politicas governamentais, que concederem incentivos para transformar esses cenarios. Deste modo, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar as alteracoes no uso das terras na bacia de contribuicao do reservatorio da Usina Hidreletrica (UHE) Salto do Rio Verdinho, visando identificar as alteracoes ocorridas antes e apos a construcao do empreendimento hidreletrico em questao. A avaliacao do uso e ocupacao se procedeu em tres periodos distintos (nos anos de 2005, 2010 e 2015). O mapeamento de Uso da Terra foi elaborado com apoio de tecnicas de geoprocessamento, sendo utilizada a classificacao supervisionada, a partir do classificador MaxVer. Para avaliar a qualidade dos mapeamentos, aplicou-se o coeficiente kappa. Conclui-se que, nos ultimos 15 anos, a paisagem da bacia apresentou mudancas, onde as pastagens predominam com 55% (543 km²) da area mapeada em 2015, mas ja ocupou 82% (806 km²) no ano de 2005. As alteracoes ocorreram principalmente convertendo-se areas de pastagens em areas de agriculturas, devido a expansao da atividade canavieira em 2015. A implantacao do lago artificial para producao de energia hidroeletrica foi outro fator que alterou o uso da terra, e por consequencia ocasionou a eliminacao de areas de APPs proximas do reservatorio.

Mapeamento da Fragilidade Ambiental na Bacia Hidrográfica do Reservatório da UHE CAÇU - Goiás

A fragilidade do ambiente pode ser vista como uma proposta de investigacao, cujo principio basico e definir os diferentes niveis de fragilidade dos ambientes naturais e dos ambientes alterados pelas atividades antropicas. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os niveis de Fragilidade Ambiental na bacia hidrografica do reservatorio da Usina Hidreletrica (UHE) Cacu em dois periodos distintos: antes da formacao do reservatorio (2009) e apos a formacao do reservatorio (2014). A metodologia utilizada seguiu a proposta de Ross (1994). Os parâmetros avaliados foram: solos, declividade; erosividade e uso da terra. Os resultados encontrados mostram que a bacia analisada tinha o predominio da classe de baixa fragilidade, que ocupava 74,88% da area da bacia em 2009 e 77,52% em 2014, a classe de media fragilidade, em 2009, ocupava 20,79% da area, e em 2014 passou a ocupar 21,12%. A alta fragilidade diminuiu de 4,34% em 2009 para 1,36% em 2014, devido as mudancas no uso do solo da bacia. Deve-se destacar que aproximadamente 25% da area da bacia classificam-se entre media e alta fragilidade, demostrando a necessidade de cuidados especiais e utilizacao de praticas conservacionista em relacao ao uso da terra.

ANÁLISE DA VARIAÇÃO DA TEMPERATURA NA RESERVA PARTICULAR DO PATRIMÔNIO NATURAL, POUSADA DAS ARARAS, EM SERRANÓPOLIS-GO: uma abordagem topoclimática

O presente artigo teve por objetivo analisar a variacao climatica na escala topoclimatica, utilizando dados de temperatura do ar, no periodo de abril de 2010 a marco de 2011, na RPPN-Pousada das Araras-GO. Para analisar o gradiente termico foi tracado um perfil topografico, utilizando dados de temperatura do ar de 5 termohigrometros, localizados ao longo da trilha da Pousada das Araras, em cotas altimetricas entre 543 m (cota inferior) a 619 m (cota superior). De acordo com os dados analisados nos horarios das 15 e 21h a variacao da temperatura media oscilou entre 19,7 a 25,6oC. Verificou-se as 15h que a correlacao foi acima dos 80% e as 21h constatou-se que ocorreu a inversao termica entre os pontos P1 e P5.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO DEFORESTATION IN GRAIN CULTURE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES TO LOSSES THE SOIL IN THE CACHOEIRA DOURADA RESERVOIR REGION – CENTRAL - WESTERN BRAZIL

POLLINATOR FORAGING STRATEGY IN Galactia peduncularis (BENTH.) TAUB. (LEGUMINOSAE: PAPILIONOIDEA) IN THE PARQUE ESTADUAL DA SERRA DE CALDAS NOVAS BRAZIL The way the animals look for food is an important characteristic of their behavior. The optimal foraging theory is based on the existence of a balance between costs and benefits of these behavioral decisions. The present study aimed to evaluate the behavior of the pollinator in response to increased availability of floral resources. The experiment was conducted in a recently burned Cerrado area (Campo rupestre) in the State Park of Serra de Caldas Novas , located in the municipalities of Caldas Novas and Rio Quente Brazil. The species chosen to test our hypothesis was Galactia peduncularis (Benth.) Taub. (Leguminosae: Papilionoidea). 17 pairs of specimens were selected with a number of flowers, and the individuals of each pair were spaced by about 2m. In these pairs, one of them was considered the focal, and the other, the isolated. To test possible differences in pollination between isolated plants and focus, we performed two randomization tests: a test binary (TB), where all pairs were analyzed and verified the number of times where the focus on the individual floral visits were higher than the number of visits in isolated. According to the data analyzed, floral visitors preferred to use plants that could provide a greater amount of floral resources so that the number of visitors varied positively with the increment of flowers. Plants with many flowers can provide a greater amount of food in one location so that visitors do not need to flower around for long distances in search of meeting their energy needs.

CARACTERÍSTICAS FISIOGRÁFICAS E MORFOMÉTRICAS DA MICROBACIA DO CÓRREGO JATAÍ NO MUNICÍPIO DE JATAÍ-GO

POLLINATOR FORAGING STRATEGY IN Galactia peduncularis (BENTH.) TAUB. (LEGUMINOSAE: PAPILIONOIDEA) IN THE PARQUE ESTADUAL DA SERRA DE CALDAS NOVAS BRAZIL The way the animals look for food is an important characteristic of their behavior. The optimal foraging theory is based on the existence of a balance between costs and benefits of these behavioral decisions. The present study aimed to evaluate the behavior of the pollinator in response to increased availability of floral resources. The experiment was conducted in a recently burned Cerrado area (Campo rupestre) in the State Park of Serra de Caldas Novas , located in the municipalities of Caldas Novas and Rio Quente Brazil. The species chosen to test our hypothesis was Galactia peduncularis (Benth.) Taub. (Leguminosae: Papilionoidea). 17 pairs of specimens were selected with a number of flowers, and the individuals of each pair were spaced by about 2m. In these pairs, one of them was considered the focal, and the other, the isolated. To test possible differences in pollination between isolated plants and focus, we performed two randomization tests: a test binary (TB), where all pairs were analyzed and verified the number of times where the focus on the individual floral visits were higher than the number of visits in isolated. According to the data analyzed, floral visitors preferred to use plants that could provide a greater amount of floral resources so that the number of visitors varied positively with the increment of flowers. Plants with many flowers can provide a greater amount of food in one location so that visitors do not need to flower around for long distances in search of meeting their energy needs.