João Eduardo Leal Nicoluzzi

Avaliação dos níveis séricos de interleucina-6 e interleucina-10 nos pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia laparoscópica versus convencional

OBJECTIVE To correlate serum preoperative and postoperative interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels in patients undergoing laparotomy versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS From a total of 20 patients, 18 were included in the study, nine underwent cholecystectomy by laparoscopy and the other nine by laparotomy. Serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 were measured in both groups. Blood samples were obtained in the times of 24 hours preoperatively and four, 12 and 24 hours after the procedure. The groups were compared regarding age, gender, body mass index (BMI), duration of anesthesia and operation. RESULTS There was no significant statistical differences between groups related to age, gender, BMI, duration of anesthesia and operation. The comparison between the two procedurs demonstrated statistical differences for IL-6 in time 12 hours after operation (218.64 pg/ml laparotomic versus 67.71 pg/ml laparoscopic, p = 0.0003) and for IL-10 in time 24 hours after the procedure (24.46 pg/ml open versus 10.17 pg/qml laparoscopic, p <0.001). CONCLUSION There was an Increase in plasma levels of interleukin-6 and 10 after surgical trauma with a significant increase in levels of interleukins in the laparotomic group in comparison with the laparoscopic group.

Ação do tacrolimus na pancreatite aguda experimental induzida pela arginina

OBJECTIVE To determine whether tacrolimus administered to rats, in the presence of pancreatitis induced by L-Arginine, interferes with the serum levels of amylase and glucose and the histological pattern of the pancreatic parenchyma. METHODS Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups with 10 rats each: control group (C), tacrolimus group (T), pancreatitis group (P) and pancreatitis-tacrolimus group (PT). We evaluated serum levels of amylase, glucose, and tacrolimus and made histological assessments of the pancreas. Induction of pancreatitis was made by inoculation of L-Arginine at a dose of 500 mg/100g body weight intraperitoneally, and tacrolimus treatment at a dose of 1ìg/kg subcutaneously for four days. RESULTS Serum amylase was higher (p = 0.0000) in groups PT, P and T than in the control group. The PT group mean was higher (p = 0.0009) than in the T group, but did not differ (p = 0.6802) from the average of the P group. There was no difference between groups P and T (p = 0.2568). Neither in mean blood glucose between the groups (p = 0.4920); serum levels of tacrolimus were similar in PT and T groups (p = 0.7112). There were no histological changes in groups T and C and no hemorrhage in the pancreas of rats in groups P and PT. In group P, there was no edema in 30%, mild edema in 20% and in 50%, moderate; as for inflammatory infiltration, it was moderate in 80% and absent in 20%, and atrophy of the parenchyma was moderate in 60% and severe in 40%. In the PT group, there was edema, inflammatory infiltration or atrophy in the pancreas in all rats. CONCLUSION Treatment with Tacrolimus induced an increase in serum amylase in normal mice, but did not affect blood glucose or the histological pattern of the pancreatic parenchyma. In the presence of pancreatitis induced by L-Arginine tacrolimus induced edema, inflammatory infiltration and more severe atrophy in the pancreatic parenchyma.

Ação da l-arginina na evolução de retalhos cutâneos de ratos sob exposição à nicotina

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether treatment with L-arginine influences the healing of skin flaps in rats exposed to nicotine. METHODS 40 male Wistar rats weighing 142.4 ± 10.1 g were separated into four groups: GC: treatment with 7.4 pH phosphate buffer, submitted to skin flap and observation for ten days; GN: exposure to nicotine for four weeks, submitted to skin flap and observation for ten days; GA: treatment with 7.4 pH phosphate buffer for four weeks, submitted to skin flap and arginine treatment for ten days; GAN: exposure to nicotine for four weeks, submitted to skin flap and treatment with arginine for ten days. We evaluated: areas of necrosis, re-epithelialization, inflammatory reaction and formation of granulation tissue by HE stain; the total area of deposition and differentiation of collagens I and III by histometry with picrosirius staining; and the scar vascular density by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal anti-CD34 antibodies. RESULTS The percentages of necrotic areas in GN and GNA were higher (p <0.001) than in GC and GA. In histological scores, collagen deposition, and the percentage of type I collagen, GA and GC were similar to each other (p> 0.05), but higher (p <0.001) than GA and GNA; as for vascular densities, they were lower in GN and GAN (p <0.001) than in GC and GA. CONCLUSION Exposure to nicotine inhibited the effects of arginine and in unexposed mice there was induction of angiogenesis and improvement in the total collagen deposition in the skin flaps.

Primeiro transplante duplo de fígado esquerdo intervivos adultos do Brasil

Living donor liver transplantation expanded the therapeutic possibilities for liver failure patients. The necessary correct match between the liver mass donated and received sometimes limits its use. A case that was used two left liver grafts from adult living donors is reported.

Transplante simultâneo de pâncreas-rim em portador de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 com insuficiência renal crônica: experiência inicial do Hospital Angelina Caron

Pancreatic transplant is the best method for replacing the endocrine function of the gland in patients with type 1 diabetes (DM1). At the end of 2001, more than 17,000 pancreas transplants had been reported to the International Pancreas Transplant Registry. At present, simultaneous pancreaticorenal transplantation is the best treatment for DM1 patients with chronic renal failure. We present the results of simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation performed in a Brazilian center. METHODS: From 01/2001 to 06/2002, 12 patients with DM1 and associated renal failure received a SPK. Baseline immunosuppression consisted of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, steroids and induction therapy with basiliximab. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 5.7 months (range: 1-18), pancreas and kidney successful rates were respectively 75% and 83%. Survival rate was 83%. There were some major complications including 3 pancreas (25%) and 2 kidney (16%) venous thrombosis and 2 ureteral fistula (16%), but none related to patient death. No episode of rejection occurred in any of the transplanted patients. All patients with successful grafts are insulin-free since transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that SPK is a safe and effective treatment in the management of DM1 patients with associated renal failure.

Hepatitis E–associated subacute liver failure: a rare indication for liver transplantation

blood pressure (digital photopletysmography [Finapres, Ohmeda, Tewksbury, MA]) and heart rate (surface electrocardiography) were monitored continuously. At 40 cpm on insufflation, the patient became profoundly hypotensive in association with a persistent bradycardia of ,30 bpm requiring atropine. The procedure reproduced syncopal symptoms. Because of the persistent bradycardia during symptom reproduction this woman had a pacemaker inserted. Six months after dual chamber physiological pacemaker implantation (Kappa 700, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) she has had no further episodes of syncope. This patient had symptom reproduction with a hypotensive response and a profound bradycardia during colonoscopy; in addition, there has been clear benefit from pacing intervention, suggesting a diagnosis of cardioinhibitory situational vasovagal syncope. We were able to detect these subtle changes because we used a real-time beat by beat method of recording blood pressure, combined with continuous measurement of heart rate. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of defecation syncope where hemodynamic changes have been documented in real time, where an abnormality of autonomic function has been demonstrated, and where treatment (in this case, permanent pacemaker implantation) has proved curative.

Influência do pneumoperitônio nas funções hepática e renal e na liberação de citocinas pró-inflamatórias em modelo experimental de endotoxemia induzida por lipopolissacarídeo de Escherichia coli

BACKGROUND: Videosurgery can bring complications with it´s manipulation and among them the hyperpression into the abdominal cavity is important factor. AIM: To analyze the pneumoperitoneum effects in an endotoxemia experimental model caused by lipopolyssacharide. METHOD: Thirty-two Wistar rats were utilized, from which blood was collected 24 hours prior to the experiment for the initial evaluations of the renal function, the hepatic function and the endotoxic state (total counts and differential of leukocytes, platelet count and dosages of lipopolyssacharide, TNFα, IL6). The rats were then separated into four groups of eight: control groups inoculated with lipopolyssacharide (10 mg/kg via intraperitoneum) and kept for four and 11 hours (C-LPS4 and C-LPS11). Group C-PP, control of pneumoperitoneum by carbon dioxide at 10 mmHg for one hour and kept under observation for six hours. Experiment group (E) in which the rats were inoculated with 10 mg/kg of lipopolyssacharide via intraperitoneum and after four hours were submitted to pneumoperitoneum by carbon dioxide at 10 mmHg for one hour and kept under observation for six hours. At the end of these periods, blood samples were collected for the same initial evaluations. The T-student method was utilized for statistical comparisons of results, with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: Compared to the initial values and the control groups, Group E had higher values in the renal function tests (creatinine=0.85 ± 0.24 and urea=106.38 ± 37.61 mg/dL). In the hepatic function tests, there were higher values in the dosages of direct bilirubin (0.34 ± 0.09mg/dL), ALT (390,38 ± 351.88) and TAP (17.01 ± 2.18). The endotoxic state was confirmed by the dosages of IL6 (36.0 ± 11.23 pg/mL), TNFα (518.36 ± 203.39 pg/mL) and by the hematological alterations: reduction of platelets, increased leukocytes and band neutrophils and the detection of circulating endotoxin (0.21 ± 0.08 UE/mL). CONCLUSION: Pneumoperitoneum by carbon dioxide induces increase of TNFα, IL6, worsens the hepatic and renal function in the experimental endotoxemia model induced by lipopolyssacharide.

Resultados do transplante pancreático em um centro brasileiro

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic transplantation (PT) is the only treatment available to keep long term normoglicemic state and insulin independence in type 1 diabetic patients. We present the results of PT performed in a center at the State of Parana. METHODS: From January 2001 until april 2003, 24 patients received simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant (SPK) and one isolated pancreatic transplant at Hospital Angelina Caron. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 8,2 months (range 1-27), the pancreas and kidney success rate was 74%. Patient survival was 76%. Leading cause of pancreas and kidney losses was thrombosis in three pancreas (12%) and two kidneys (8%). No episode of rejection occurred in any of the transplanted patients. All patients with successful grafts are insulin-free since transplantation. CONCLUSIONS : This series confirms that SPK is a highly successful procedure for diabetic patients with renal failure.

Experiência obtida em 100 transplantes de pâncreas

OBJECTIVE Report our experience with 100 pancreas transplants performed in a period of seven years. METHODS. Between January 2001 and January 2008, 100 patients underwent pancreatic transplantation at our center, 88 simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation (SPK) and 12 pancreas transplantation alone (PTA). All of these were primary transplants. Pancreas graft management of the exocrine drainage technique involved enteric drainage in 8 (all SPK) and bladder in 92 cases. The recipient systemic venous system was used for the pancreas graft venous effluent in all cases. Our last thirty patients submitted to SPK did not receive any induction therapy regardless of the PRA. SPK received basiliximab and PTA patients received thymoglubulin. Maintance imunossupression was with TAC, MMF and corticosteroids. Graft perfusion volume was limited to 800 ml of Celsior or UW solution. RESULTS. Overall results show that the number of functioning pancreatic grafts is 64 after 100 performed. Graft losses were: rejection (8 cases), venous thrombosis (9 cases) arterial thrombosis(1 case), or surgical complications such as anastomotic leak (3 cases), perigraft infection (10 cases), pancreatitis of the graft(5 cases). Rejection was observed less frequently in SPK recipients 5 cases (5/92 recipients) than PTA recipients (3/12). Death was observed in 24 cases. CONCLUSION. Our impression is that pancreas transplantation is highly effective therapy for diabetes mellitus and there is still a role in the diabetes treatment for allograft transplantation in a near future.

Viabilidade do fígado bioartificial utilizando hepatócitos humanos imunoprotegidos por macroencapsulação

OBJETIVO: O transplante de hepatocitos xenogenicos encapsulados pode ser utilizado no futuro em situacoes como a insuficiencia hepatica fulminante. Porem, observa-se perda precoce da expressao de genes hepatocitarios especificos em hepatocitos humanos. O objetivo deste estudo e avaliar a influencia da resposta imunologica na perda da expressao genetica hepatocitaria de hepatocitos humanos encapsulados e transplantados em ratos. METODO: Hepatocitos humanos foram isolados de fragmentos hepaticos, encapsulados em fibras e transplantados em ratos. Nos dias 3, 7 e 14 apos o transplante as fibras foram coletadas e avaliadas a morfologia por microscopia optica e eletronica, e a expressao dos genes por biologia molecular. O ARNm da albumina humana foi quantificado por RT-PCR e Northern blot. A resposta imunologica contra os hepatocitos foi avaliada atraves do ADN hepatocitario na busca de apoptose do nucleo celular e pelo aumento da expressao do CMH de classe I. RESULTADOS: Os aspectos morfologicos dos hepatocitos mantiveram-se normais ate o setimo dia apos o transplante. Nao se observaram celulas envolvidas com resposta imunologica do receptor nas fibras. Os transcritos da albumina foram detectados ate D-14. Entre os dias 3 e 7 estavam em 30% em relacao ao dia 0. A analise do ADN mostrou bandas preservadas sem a presenca de fenomenos de apoptose nos diferentes dias. Nao ocorreu aumento da expressao do CMH de classe I. CONCLUSOES: Hepatocitos humanos encapsulados e transplantados em ratos permanecem viaveis apesar da diminuicao da expressao de determinados genes. Este fenomeno, nao se deve a resposta imunologica do receptor, mas ao proprio processo de isolamento celular.