João Rui Pita

O médico brasileiro José Pinto de Azeredo (1766?-1810) e o exame químico da atmosfera do Rio de Janeiro

Jose Pinto de Azeredo, of Rio de Janeiro, studied medicine and conducted notable experimental research in Edinburgh (1786-88), presenting his graduate thesis on gout in Leiden. Already appointed surgeon-general of Angola, he returned to Rio in 1789 and practiced medicine in Brazil. In 1790 he moved to Luanda, where he practiced at the Hospital Real and founded a medical school that did not survive his departure for Portugal in 1797. He worked at Lisbons main military hospital and as a private physician until his death. His written works (some ten manuscripts and five publications) warrant an examination from the perspective of the history of medicine. In an article published in 1790 on Rio de Janeiros air quality, he reveals the skills of an analytical chemist, his interest in the effects of different air components on organisms, and his concern with air quality in Brazil and Europe.

A farmácia em Portugal nos últimos 30 anos: algumas reflexões sobre a farmácia de oficina ou comunitária

Neste artigo os autores fazem um historial sobre algumas das principais modificacoes verificadas em Portugal no sector da farmacia, em particular da farmacia de oficina nos ultimos 30 anos. Os autores, tendo por base as alteracoes operadas no plano legislativo e regulamentar, analisam algumas das principais modificacoes registadas no contexto da adesao de Portugal a Uniao Europeia.https://doi.org/10.14195/1647-6336_15_11

50 anos de legislação farmacêutica na Europa (1965 – 2015). O caso específico de AIM

A historia da Europa do Medicamento partilha da ideia geral de construcao e integracao europeias, com as necessarias adaptacoes decorrentes da ambiguidade do medicamento enquanto mercadoria e produto de saude. Neste estudo procuramos fazer um historico da legislacao comunitaria em materia de medicamentos, tomando como elemento central de analise a autorizacao de comercializacao. A Europa do Medicamento comeca a desenhar-se em 1965 com a publicacao da Diretiva 65/65/CEE e evoluiu paulatinamente ate hoje, tendo como grande objetivo a implementacao do Mercado Unico de medicamentos, sem esquecer a defesa da Saude Publica e os interesses dos consumidores.http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-6336_14_4

O 1° Congresso Nacional de Farmácia (Lisboa, 1927) e a cultura farmacêutica portuguesa

Res_por:O 1° Congresso Nacional de Farmacia realizou-se em Lisboa, em 1927. Foi a primeira grande manifestacao desta natureza dos farmaceuticos portugueses e contou com numero elevado de inscricoes. Foi sobretudo um congresso de natureza socioprofissional embora tivessem sido discutidas algumas questoes cientificas. Os farmaceuticos sublinharam o papel da farmacia na sociedade e reforcaram o valor da farmacia, enquanto ciencia e enquanto profissao. Foram feitas reflexoes sobre varias areas do exercicio profissional que reflectiam as alteracoes que se faziam sentir no plano cientifico e tecnico como foi o caso da industrializacao do medicamento.

The reception of penicillin in Portugal during World War II: cooperation with Brazil and the United States of America

The discovery of penicillin in 1928 and its introduction as therapeutic agent in the 1940’s significantly altered the prognosis of infectious diseases and represented the starting point for research that led to the discovery of other antibiotics. Portugal was one of the first European countries, non-participant in the II World War, to obtain penicillin for civilian use. World production of the antibiotic was scarce and military forces and government appointed research centers absorbed the limited amount available. Good diplomatic relations between Portugal, Brazil and the United States of America (USA) were decisive in attaining penicillin for our country. In May of 1944, the Brazilian government offered Portugal 12 vials of penicillin. During the summer of 1944, as the Portuguese and American governments negotiated the use of the Lages military base in the Azores, they also discussed the terms regarding a regular supply of penicillin for Portugal. In order to import penicillin from the USA, Portugal was obliged to establish a controlling committee to oversee the allocation and distribution of the antibiotic. The Portuguese Red Cross played a major role in this event, on July 26, 1944 the humanitarian institution appointed the Junta Consultiva para a Distribuicao de Penicilina em Portugal (JCDPP) to act as a controlling committee. The first allotment of 700 vials, each containing 100 000 units of penicillin, arrived at Lisbon airport on September 8, 1944. In January 1945, the US government increased the monthly allotment to 1000 vials and in March 1945 to 1500 vials. As world production of penicillin increased, controlling committees were no longer necessary. In June 1945, the Portuguese Red Cross terminated the JCDPP and the Portuguese pharmaceutical industry began to import the antibiotic. Cooperation with Brazil and the USA was vital for Portugal to attain penicillin. It enabled the antibiotic to become available to the Portuguese civilian population when its use was still restricted to the military forces. The in advanced acquisition of penicillin in Portugal that resulted from nation cooperation saved many lives to and initiated a new era in the treatment of infectious diseases.http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-6336_13_9

Plantas medicinais: entre o passado e o presente: a colecção de fármacos vegetais da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra (séculos xix-xx)

Res_por:A Faculdade de Farmacia da Universidade de Coimbra dispoe de um espolio museologico valioso e com significativo interesse para a historia da farmacia e do ensino farmaceutico, com destaque para uma valiosa coleccao de farmacos de origem natural, enriquecida sobretudo a partir dos anos 40 do seculo xx. O livro que aqui se apresenta pretende mostrar este vasto espolio, que inclui alongas de diversas dimensoes e formatos contendo partes de plantas e seus metabolitos, uma coleccao da E. Merck intitulada Drogen-Lehrsammlung e modelos botânicos didacticos do fabricante R. Brendel (finais do seculo xix). Esta obra constitui um suporte importante do ensino e investigacao no dominio da farmacognosia, bem como tem inegavel valor para a investigacao e ensino no campo da historia da farmacia e da historia das ciencias e para a museologia da ciencia.