João Sérgio Cordeiro

Leito de drenagem: sistema natural para redução de volume de lodo de estação de tratamento de água

ABSTRACT In this work the performance of Draining Beds for sludge dewatering was assessed. The sludge was provided from full cycle Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) that employ aluminum sulfate and polyaluminium chloride (PACl) as coagulants. The characteristics, drainage and drying of samples of sludge and characteristic of drained were analysed. The Draining Beds were shown to be efficient for dewatering and sludge volume reduction in the WTP, in a natural way, without energy consumption or adding of chemical products. On the seventh day, it was possible to obtain reduction around 87% in volume for PACl sludge and 83% for the aluminum sulfate sludge and total solids content of 28 and 31% respectively. KEYWORDS: Water treatment, sludge, coagulant, natural systems, drying beds, draining bed. INTRODUCAO As Estacoes de Tratamento de Agua (ETA) tem funcionamento semelhante a uma industria onde uma determinada materia prima (agua bruta) e trabalhada, atraves de diversas operacoes e processos, resultando em um produto final (agua tratada). Esses sistemas podem em di-versas etapas gerar residuos com as mais diferenciadas caracteristicas. Assim, um dos problemas a ser equacionado nas ETAs diz respeito aos residuos gerados e como definir seu destino final. Os residuos gerados nas ETAs sao, principalmente, a agua de lavagem de filtro e o lodo. Na maioria das ETAs esses resi-duos sao lancados nos corpos d’agua sem tratamento. Os lodos de ETAs sao classificados pela serie de normas NBR-10.004 (2004) como residuos solidos, nao sendo permitido seu lancamentoIn this work the performance of Draining Beds for sludge dewatering was assessed. The sludge was provided from full cycle Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) that employ aluminum sulfate and polyaluminium chloride (PACl) as coagulants. The characteristics, drainage and drying of samples of sludge and characteristic of drained were analysed. The Draining Beds were shown to be efficient for dewatering and sludge volume reduction in the WTP, in a natural way, without energy consumption or adding of chemical products. On the seventh day, it was possible to obtain reduction around 87% in volume for PACl sludge and 83% for the aluminum sulfate sludge and total solids content of 28 and 31% respectively.

Resíduos de estações de tratamento de água e a ISO 24512: desafio do saneamento brasileiro

The advent of ISO 24512:2007 arouses some interesting discussions regarding the operation of water supply systems worldwide. In Brazil, the majority of water treatment plants is conventional, with a complete cycle, generating complex waste of difficult handling and disposal. This paper aimed at critically evaluating the problem of residues from water treatment plants in Brazil by studying the feasibility of construction and use of some indicators, such as those recommended by ISO 24512. The vast majority of water treatment plants analyzed, reflecting a common framework in Brazil, does not measure the amount of waste generated, few evaluate their features and dispose the residues properly, which makes it difficult and in many cases may preclude the use of indicators as management tools. This scenario brings to the challenge faced in the sanitation sector, regarding the management of residues in line with the international standards.

AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DO EFLUENTE DE LAGOA DE ESTABILIZAÇÃO EM RELAÇÃO À RESOLUÇÃO CONAMA 430/2011: ESTUDO DE CASO DA ETE SANTA EUDÓXIA - SÃO CARLOS (SP).

Nos tratamentos de esgoto objetiva-se atender as legislacoes vigentes, em relacao a determinados parâmetros fisico-quimicos, evitando prejuizo ao corpo receptor. As lagoas de estabilizacao de esgoto tem a funcao de reduzir a quantidade de materia orgânica no tratamento de efluentes. Porem, esses ambientes sao favoraveis a proliferacao de cianobacterias potenciais produtoras de toxinas. Neste trabalho, as legislacoes CONAMA no 430/2011 e Decreto no 8468/76 para lancamento de efluentes foram utilizadas para a verificacao da adequacao ou nao da ETE de Santa Eudoxia com os limites estabelecidos nas legislacoes citadas, alem da identificacao dos generos de cianobacterias presentes no tratamento. Os parâmetros relacionados a padroes de emissao de efluentes foram analisados, assim como a proliferacao de cianobacterias atraves de analise quantitativa e qualitativa. As coletas foram mensais e realizadas na juncao da saida das lagoas facultativas de Julho de 2013 a Abril de 2014. Os parâmetros fisico-quimicos oxigenio dissolvido, pH e temperatura estao de acordo com as legislacoes, porem o efluente e potencialmente toxico devido as cianobacterias presentes. A precipitacao influenciou a diluicao do nitrogenio total, porem nao significativamente em relacao a fosforo total. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Lagoas de estabilizacao; Legislacao para emissao de efluentes; Cianotoxinas. QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF WASTE STABILIZATION POND IN RELATION TO RESOLUTION CONAMA 430/2011: CASE STUDY OF ETE SANTA EUDOXIA - SAO CARLOS (SP). ABSTRACT In sewage treatment objective is to meet the current legislation in relation to certain physico-chemical parameters, avoiding injury to the receiving body. Stabilization ponds of sewage have the function of reducing the amount of organic matter in the wastewater treatment. However, these environments are favorable to the proliferation of cyanobacteria producing toxin. In this work, the laws CONAMA 430/2011 and Decree 8468/76 were used to check the suitability or not of ETE Santa Eudoxia with the limits in the legislation cited, besides the identification of cyanobacterial genera present treatment. Parameters related to the emission standards of effluent were analyzed, as well as the proliferation of cyanobacteria through quantitative and qualitative analysis. Sampling was performed monthly and at the junction of the output of facultative ponds July 2013 to April 2014. The physico-chemical parameters dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature are in accordance with the laws, but the effluent is potentially toxic due to cyanobacteria present The precipitation influenced the dilution of total nitrogen but not significantly to the total phosphorus. KEYWORDS: Stabilization ponds; Legislation to effluent emissions; Cyanotoxins. EVALUACION DE LA CALIDAD DE LA CHARCA DE ESTABILIZACION DE RESIDUOS EN RELACION A LA RESOLUCION CONAMA 430/2011: ESTUDIO DE CASO DE ETE DE SANTA EUDOXIA - SAO CARLOS (SP). RESUMEN Em el tratamiento de aguas residuales el objetivo es cumplir la legislacion vigente, en relacion con determinados parametros fisico-quimicos, evitando las lesiones en el cuerpo receptor. Las lagunas de estabilizacion de aguas residuales tiene la funcion de reducir la cantidad de materia organica en el tratamiento de aguas residuales. Sin embargo, estos ambientes son propicias para la proliferacion de cianobacterias potenciales productoras de toxinas. En este trabajo, las leyes CONAMA 430/2011 y el Decreto 8468/76 para descarga de efluentes se utilizaron para comprobar la idoneidad o no de ETE de Santa Eudoxia con los limites establecidos en la legislacion citada, ademas de la identificacion de los generos de cianobacterias presentes en tratamiento. Se analizaron los parametros relacionados con las normas de emision de efluentes, asi como la proliferacion de cianobacterias a traves de analisis cuantitativo y cualitativo. El muestreo se llevo a cabo mensualmente y en el cruce de la salida de lagunas facultativas de Julio 2013 hasta abril 2014. Los parametros fisico-quimicos de oxigeno disuelto, el pH y la temperatura son de conformidad con las leyes, pero el efluente es potencialmente toxica debido a las cianobacterias presentes. Precipitaciones influyeron la dilucion del nitrogeno total, pero no significativamente a la fosforo total. PALABRAS CLAVE: Las lagunas de estabilizacion; La legislacion para las emisiones de los efluentes; Cianotoxinas.