Joaquim Mauricio da Motta Leal Filho

Endovascular techniques and procedures, methods for removal of intravascular foreign bodies.

INTRODUCTION The incidence of intravascular embolization of venous catheters reported in the world medical literature corresponds to 1% of all the described complications. However, its mortality rate may vary between 24 to 60%. Catheter malfunction is the most likely signal of embolization, since patients are usually asymptomatic. OBJECTIVE To report the method of removing intravascular foreign bodies, catheters with the use of various endovascular techniques and procedures. METHODS This is a two-year retrospective study of 12 patients: seven women and five men. The average age was 29 years (ranging from two months to 65 years). RESULTS Technical performance was 100% successful. Ten port-a-caths, one intra-cath and one PICC were extracted. The most common sites for the lodging of one of the ends of the intravascular foreign bodies were the right atrium (41.6%) and the right ventricle (33.3%). In 100% of the cases, only one venous access was used for extraction of foreign bodies, and in 91.6% of the cases (11 catheters) the femoral access was used. The loop-snare was used in 10 cases (83.3%). The most common cause of intravascular foreign body insertion was a catheter fracture, which occurred in 66.6% of the cases (eight cases). One major complication, the atrial fibrillation, occurred (8.3%), which was related to the intravascular foreign body extraction. The mortality rate in 30 days was zero. CONCLUSION Percutaneous retrieval of intravascular foreign bodies is considered gold standard treatment because it is a minimally invasive, relatively simple, safe procedure, with low complication rates compared to conventional surgical treatment.

Infusion of Recombinant Human Tissue Plasminogen Activator Through the Superior Mesenteric Artery in the Treatment of Acute Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis

Acute mesenteric venous thrombosis is an uncommon condition that is usually treated with systemic anticoagulation. Catheter-directed thrombolysis through the superior mesenteric artery may be a viable adjunct to treat this morbid condition. In the present article, we have described a case of superior mesenteric venous thrombosis treated with catheter-directed infusion of tissue plasminogen activator through the superior mesenteric artery.

Risk factors for infectious and noninfectious complications of totally implantable venous catheters in cancer patients

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for complications of totally implantable catheters in a referral cancer center. METHODS This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data of all consecutive cancer patients undergoing port placement, with a primary outcome of interest of major complication and subanalysis of the types of complications. RESULTS We studied 1255 nonvalved implanted port catheters inserted in 1230 patients, for a combined total of 469,882 catheter-days of use. Venous puncture was ultrasound (US)-guided in 1049 cases (84%). Inadvertent arterial puncture occurred in 14 cases (1.1%) and was more frequent in procedures not guided by US (P = .045). Among the outpatients, 90 (9%) developed infection, and 75 (29%) of the hospitalized patients (P < .001) developed infections. Infection was diagnosed in 131 catheters (13%) implanted through the internal jugular vein (IJV), 23 catheters (14%) implanted in the subclavian vein (SCV), 1 catheter (5%) implanted in the external jugular vein, and 10 catheters (31%) implanted in the femoral vein (P = .044). In the multivariate analysis, only the hospitalization regimen maintained statistical significance, with hospitalization presenting as a risk factor for infection (P < .001). Regarding the introduction site, ambulatory patients in whom the femoral vein was the site of access had more infections than the others (28.6% vs 9.4% of the IJV, 4.8% of the SCV, and 4.8% of the external jugular vein; P = .019), which did not occur among the hospitalized patients (33.3% vs 26.5% of IJV and 39.5% of the SCV; P = .218). CONCLUSIONS Not using US is a risk factor for iatrogenic arterial puncture. Port implantation in hospitalized patients and the use of femoral access are risk factors for infection.

Subclavian vein an unusual access for the removal of intravascular foreign bodies.

Catheter migration or catheter fracture and consequent migration of a fragment is a rare complication that occurs in 1% of the patients. Despite the low incidence, embolization may cause severe and potentially fatal complications, with the mortality rates varying between 24 and 60%. The gold standard treatment for this condition is the extraction of the fragmented catheter by the intravascular percutaneous route, through the common femoral vein. If it is not available, the extraction procedure must be performed through an alternative access. This article describes a fully successful removal of a fragmented catheter by percutaneous intravascular access obtained through the right subclavian vein.

Sangramento espontâneo de artéria lombar em paciente com doença de Von Recklinghausen: tratamento endovascular

Retroperitoneal bleeding is mainly due to traumatic events with a high amount of kinetic energy, with few reported cases of spontaneous events in the literature. We report on a case of a pregnant woman with Von Recklinghausens disease and bulky retroperitoneal hematoma diagnosed during cesarean delivery secondary to spontaneous lumbar artery rupture. Von Recklinghausens disease has well-described vascular manifestations, mainly characterized by stenoses related to intramural tumors (Schwann cell proliferation) and rarely asymptomatic aneurysmal dilatations. In this case, aortography was performed with successful selective catheterization and embolization of the bleeding artery.

Usefulness of preoperative venography in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices submitted to lead replacement or device upgrade procedures

Background Venous obstructions are common in patients with transvenous cardiac implantable electronic devices, but they rarely cause immediate clinical problems. The main consequence of these lesions is the difficulty in obtaining venous access for additional leads implantation. Objectives We aimed to assess the prevalence and predictor factors of venous lesions in patients referred to lead reoperations, and to define the role of preoperative venography in the planning of these procedures. Methods From April 2013 to July 2016, contrast venography was performed in 100 patients referred to device upgrade, revision and lead extraction. Venous lesions were classified as non-significant (< 50%), moderate stenosis (51-70%), severe stenosis (71-99%) or occlusion (100%). Collateral circulation was classified as absent, discrete, moderate or accentuated. The surgical strategy was defined according to the result of the preoperative venography. Univariate analysis was used to investigate predictor factors related to the occurrence of these lesions, with 5% of significance level. Results Moderate venous stenosis was observed in 23%, severe in 13% and occlusions in 11%. There were no significant differences in relation to the device side or the venous segment. The usefulness of the preoperative venography to define the operative tactic was proven, and in 99% of the cases, the established surgical strategy could be performed according to plan. Conclusions The prevalence of venous obstruction is high in CIED recipients referred to reoperations. Venography is highly indicated as a preoperative examination for allowing the adequate surgical planning of procedures involving previous transvenous leads.

Intra-arterial fibrinolysis for the management of acute ischemia on a below-knee amputation stump. Case report

RESUMO A preservacao da articulacao do joelho tem grandes vantagens para a mobilidade e a reabilitacao de um amputado. Qualquer causa que exija revisao para uma amputacao acima do joelho e um grande reves, porque reduz o potencial de reabilitacao do paciente. O objetivo aqui foi descrever o uso de trombolise intra-arterial para salvar um coto de amputacao abaixo do joelho com isquemia aguda. Homem, 56 anos, procurou pronto atendimento de nosso hospital com historico de 1 dia de dor [...]

Retrograde Proximal Anterior Tibial Artery Access for Treating Femoropopliteal Segment Occlusion: A Novel Approach.

Some challenges have been detected when there are long and complex lesions of femoropopliteal arterial occlusive disease, even with descriptions of the retrograde pedal approaches. The aim of this article is to describe the retrograde proximal anterior tibial artery access for treatment of femoropopliteal segment occlusion when antegrade recanalization failed (retrograde recanalization and rearranging the system into an antegrade position). Technical and clinical success was achieved in 100% of 4 cases, with an improvement of at least 2 Rutherford classes. Minor complication, small hematoma in an anterior compartment of the limb, occurred in 1 patient. No sign of compartmental syndrome was observed.