Joel F. O. Richert

Advanced Emission Speciation Methodologies for the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program - I. Hydrocarbons and Ethers

An analytical method for the determination of hydrocarbon and ether emissions from gasoline-, methanol-, and flexible-fueled vehicles is described. This method was used in Phase I of the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program to provide emissions data for various vehicles using individual reformulated gasolines and alternate fuels. These data would then be used for air modeling studies. Emission samples for tailpipe, evaporative, and running loss were collected in Tedlar bags. Gas chromatographic analysis of the emissions samples included 140 components (hydrocarbons, ethers, alcohols and aldehydes) between C1 and C12 in a single analysis of 54-minutes duration. Standardization, quality control procedures, and inter-laboratory comparisons developed and completed as part of this program are also described. (Copyright (c) 1992 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.).

GC/MS-FID analysis of BSTFA derivatized polar components of diesel particulate matter (NBS SRM-1650) extract

SummaryHydroxy and acid compounds, present in the polar HPLC fraction number 8 from the NBS-SRM 1650 (diesel particulate extract) were derivatized with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) to form the trimethylsilane (TMS) derivatives. This improved the gas-chromatographic separation to give an improved characterisation using GC-MS. TMS derivatives were only observed in the acid extract of an aliquot of HPLC fraction number 8 which had undergone an acid-base fractionation. A number of previously unidentified compounds in fraction 8 could be characterised using mass spectroscopy. Ion mass chromatograms, recorded at m/z 73, 89 and 147 were correlated with the total ion current (TIC) to identify derivatized compounds. Only single, two and three ring derivatized aromatics were observed. The compounds identified in this polar fraction of the extract included p-nitrophenol, benzoic acid, hydroxy-benzoic acids, hydroxy-benzaldehyde, hydroxy-phthalimide, benzene dicarboxylic acids, naphthalene dicarboxylic acids, anthracene/phenanthrene dicarboxylic acids and, for some of these, the C1 to C3 alkyl homologues. Several methyl esters were also observed including biphenyl dimethyl ester and benzene trimethyl ester.

1-Nitropyrene in used diesel engine oil

It has been shown that engine oil may contribute 16 to 80 percent of the mass of organic-solvent-extractable particulate matter in diesel engine exhaust. This raises the possibility that the 1-nitropyrene in the exhaust is coming from the crankcase oil, having formed or accumulated there. To evaluate this possibility, 1-nitropyrene exhaust emissions from a light-duty diesel vehicle were measured, along with the 1-nitropyrene content of its engine oil and of new oil. Results indicate that new oil did not contain 1-nitropyrene at the detection limit of 0.1 ppm. 1-nitropyrene did collect in oil to a concentration of 0.5 ppm at an oil usage and vehicle travel distance of 9000 km. Even though 1-nitropyrene was found in used diesel engine oil, this 1-nitropyrene does not appear to account for the 1-nitropyrene found in diesel exhaust emissions.