Joel Thiago Klein

Die Weltgeschichte im Kontext der Kritik der Urteilskraft

Abstract: In this paper, I shall defend the thesis that the idea of a universal history in Kant’s third Critique is not legitimated from a theoretical and systematic point of view but instead from a practical point of view. In order to sustain this interpretation, I shall reconstruct parts of arguments from the entire Critique of Teleological Judgment. First, I shall argue that in the Analytic as in the Dialectic, the external purposiveness can legitimize only a teleological history of nature but not a universal history. Second, I defend that in the Methodology, the idea of a universal history is grounded in an interest of pure practical reason.

A complementaridade entre os aspectos liberais e republicanos na filosofia política de Rousseau

Este artigo apresenta os aspectos liberais e republicanos da filosofia politica de Rousseau e defende que eles devem ser interpretados como complementares. Entretanto, essa complementaridade pode ser caracterizada num sentido especifico, qual seja, como sendo um liberalismo republicano.

Kant and Public Education for Enhancing Moral Virtue: The Necessary Conditions for Ensuring Enlightened Patriotism

The teaching of patriotic and republican thinking, which from the view of Kantian philosophy could be related to moral virtue, must not only occur in private education, but it has its main place within public education. For Kant, carrying out a joint plan for the public education of moral virtue is the task of the state. It is not merely civic education because it does not only deal merely with teaching the positive laws of the country but also involves teaching the principles of the doctrine of law and the duties of virtue. Moreover, the education to virtue should be the education to freedom, that is, it should not occur on the basis of good or bad consequences of action, but on pointing to the principles of action, which must always be grounded in the moral law and in the principle of autonomy (Cf. MM, 595f/06:482f). These republican and democratic aspects do not contradict Kant’s liberal aspect of thought: firstly, because the duties of virtue are not based on material principle of happiness, but on the universal moral law. Secondly, the state does not oblige individuals to think in a patriotic way or to be a virtuous citizen. Therefore, the state should carry out the education of a moral virtue, leaving however individuals the right to act only in accordance with the laws.

A relação entre ética e direito na filosofia política de Kant

Este artigo discute as relacoes existentes entre direito e etica na filosofia politica kantiana e, ao contrario da interpretacao dominante, procura mostrar que a boa vontade precisa estar presente para que a politica possa alcancar plenamente seus objetivos. Nesse sentido, defende-se aqui duas teses: primeira, que nao ha uma ruptura das teses politicas da decada de oitenta com as teses politicas da decada de noventa no sentido de um abandono da necessidade de uma boa vontade no campo da politica, a qual e condicao necessaria para a realizacao de uma constituicao republicana; segunda, contra uma interpretacao exclusivamente liberal, defende-se que isso implica que o republicanismo kantiano permite que o Estado assuma medidas institucionais para um esclarecimento moral de seus cidadaos.

Condorcet e Kant: a esperança como horizonte do projeto político

This paper analyses the concept of hope in the works of Condorcet and Kant. It will be advocated that the concept of hope in the progress of humanity is of great importance for the comprehension of the political philosophy of both authors. On the one hand, hope gives a horizon of meaning to political philosophy that protects it against antagonistic world views. On the other hand, hope is incorporated into the political philosophy itself having, at once, a motivational function and creation of political institutions with a pedagogical character, as well.