Johanna L. Johnson

Effects of the Amount of Exercise on Body Weight, Body Composition, and Measures of Central Obesity STRRIDE—A Randomized Controlled Study

Background Obesity is a major health problem due, in part, to physical inactivity. The amount of activity needed to prevent weight gain is unknown. Objective To determine the effects of different amounts and intensities of exercise training. Design Randomized controlled trial (February 1999–July 2002). Setting and Participants Sedentary, overweight men and women (aged 40-65 years) with mild to moderate dyslipidemia were recruited from Durham, NC, and surrounding communities. Interventions Eight-month exercise program with 3 groups: (1) high amount/vigorous intensity (calorically equivalent to approximately 20 miles [32.0 km] of jogging per week at 65%-80% peak oxygen consumption); (2) low amount/vigorous intensity (equivalent to approximately 12 miles [19.2 km] of jogging per week at 65%-80%), and (3) low amount/moderate intensity (equivalent to approximately 12 miles [19.2 km] of walking per week at 40%-55%). Subjects were counseled not to change their diet and were encouraged to maintain body weight. Main Outcome Measures Body weight, body composition (via skinfolds), and waist circumference. Results Of 302 subjects screened, 182 met criteria and were randomized and 120 completed the study. There was a significant ( P Conclusions In nondieting, overweight subjects, the controls gained weight, both low-amount exercise groups lost weight and fat, and the high-amount group lost more of each in a dose-response manner. These findings strongly suggest that, absent changes in diet, a higher amount of activity is necessary for weight maintenance and that the positive caloric imbalance observed in the overweight controls is small and can be reversed by a modest amount of exercise. Most individuals can accomplish this by walking 30 minutes every day.

Minimal versus umbilical waist circumference measures as indicators of cardiovascular disease risk.

Objective: Measures of central obesity are strongly correlated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Although waist circumference (WC) is a commonly used measure of central obesity, there is no standard measurement location. We examined two WC locations to determine which was more highly correlated with CVD risk factors and metabolic syndrome (MS).

Economic Evaluation of the HF-ACTION (Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training) Randomized Controlled Trial An Exercise Training Study of Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

Background HF-ACTION assigned 2331 outpatients with medically stable heart failure to exercise training or usual care. We compared medical resource use and costs incurred by these patients during follow-up.Background— Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training (HF-ACTION) assigned 2331 outpatients with medically stable heart failure to exercise training or usual care. We compared medical resource use and costs incurred by these patients during follow-up. Methods and Results— Extensive data on medical resource use and hospital bills were collected throughout the trial for estimates of direct medical costs. Intervention costs were estimated using patient-level trial data, administrative records, and published unit costs. Mean follow-up was 2.5 years. There were 2297 hospitalizations in the exercise group and 2332 in the usual care group (P=0.92). The mean number of inpatient days was 13.6 (standard deviation [SD], 27.0) in the exercise group and 15.0 (SD, 31.4) in the usual care group (P=0.23). Other measures of resource use were similar between groups, except for trends indicating that fewer patients in the exercise group underwent high-cost inpatient procedures. Total direct medical costs per participant were an estimated

Comparative effects of propranolol and prazosin upon serum lipids in thiazide-treated hypertensive patients

50 857 (SD,

Exercise effects on lipids in persons with varying dietary patterns—does diet matter if they exercise? Responses in Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise I

81 488) in the exercise group and

Economic Evaluation of the HF-ACTION (Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training) Randomized Controlled Trial

56 177 (SD,

Exercise dose response in muscle.

92 749) in the usual care group (95% confidence interval for the difference,

Impact of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Exercise Training- Induced Improvements in Insulin Action in Sedentary Overweight Adults

−12 755 to

Earbud-based Sensor for the Assessment of Energy Expenditure, Hr, and V˙o2max

1547; P=0.10). The direct cost of exercise training was an estimated

Effects of potassium supplements on glucose metabolism in African Americans with prediabetes: a pilot trial

1006 (SD,