Johannes Steinmann

Investigation of the Electrical Field Sensitivity of Sub-μm Y–Ba–Cu–O Detectors

The behavior of submicrometer-sized thin-film YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) detectors under illumination with picosecond terahertz (THz) pulses was investigated. Real-time measurements with a temporal resolution of 15 ps full width at half maximum were performed at ANKA, the synchrotron facility of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, and the UVSOR-III facility at the Institute for Molecular Science in Okazaki, Japan. The capability of YBCO detectors to reproduce the shape of a several picosecond long THz pulse was demonstrated. Single-shot measurements adhering to a reversal of the direction of the electrical field of the THz radiation were carried out. They provided evidence for the electrical field sensitivity of the YBCO detector. Exploiting the electrical field sensitivity of the YBCO detector, the effect of microbunching was observed at UVSOR-III.

Parallelized Vlasov-Fokker-Planck solver for desktop personal computers

The numerical solution of the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation is a well established method to simulate the dynamics, including the self-interaction with its own wake field, of an electron bunch in a storage ring. In this paper we present Inovesa, a modularly extensible program that uses opencl to massively parallelize the computation. It allows a standard desktop PC to work with appropriate accuracy and yield reliable results within minutes. We provide numerical stability-studies over a wide parameter range and compare our numerical findings to known results. Simulation results for the case of coherent synchrotron radiation will be compared to measurements that probe the effects of the microbunching instability occurring in the short bunch operation at ANKA. It will be shown that the impedance model based on the shielding effect of two parallel plates can not only describe the instability threshold, but also the presence of multiple regimes that show differences in the emission of coherent synchrotron radiation.

Fast Mapping of Terahertz Bursting Thresholds and Characteristics at Synchrotron Light Sources

Dedicated optics with extremely short electron bunches enable synchrotron light sources to generate intense coherent THz radiation. The high degree of spatial compression in this so-called low-αc optics entails a complex longitudinal dynamics of the electron bunches, which can be probed studying the fluctuations in the emitted terahertz radiation caused by the micro-bunching instability (“bursting”). This article presents a “quasi-instantaneous” method for measuring the bursting characteristics by simultaneously collecting and evaluating the information from all bunches in a multi-bunch fill, reducing the measurement time from hours to seconds. This speed-up allows systematic studies of the bursting characteristics for various accelerator settings within a single fill of the machine, enabling a comprehensive comparison of the measured bursting thresholds with theoretical predictions by the bunched-beam theory. This paper introduces the method and presents first results obtained at the ANKA synchrotron radiation facility.

KAPTURE-2. A picosecond sampling system for individual THz pulses with high repetition rate

This paper presents a novel data acquisition system for continuous sampling of ultra-short pulses generated by terahertz (THz) detectors. Karlsruhe Pulse Taking Ultra-fast Readout Electronics (KAPTURE) is able to digitize pulse shapes with a sampling time down to 3 ps and pulse repetition rates up to 500 MHz. KAPTURE has been integrated as a permanent diagnostic device at ANKA and is used for investigating the emitted coherent synchrotron radiation in the THz range. A second version of KAPTURE has been developed to improve the performance and flexibility. The new version offers a better sampling accuracy for a pulse repetition rate up to 2 GHz. The higher data rate produced by the sampling system is processed in real-time by a heterogeneous FPGA and GPU architecture operating up to 6.5 GB/s continuously. Results in accelerator physics will be reported and the new design of KAPTURE be discussed.

4-Channel Single Shot and Turn-by-Turn Spectral Measurements of Bursting CSR

The test facility and synchrotron radiation source ANKA at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Karlsruhe, Germany, can be operated in a short-pulse mode. Above a threshold current, the high charge density leads to microwave instabilities and the formation of sub-structures. These timevarying sub-structures on bunches of picosecond duration lead to the observation of bursting coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. The spectral information in this range contains valuable information about the bunch length, shape and sub-structures. We present recent measurements of a spectrometer setup that consists of 4 ultra-fast THz detectors, sensitive in different frequency bands, combined with the KAPTURE readout system developed at KIT for studies requiring high data throughput. This setup allows to record continuously the spectral information on a bunch-by-bunch and turn-by-turn basis. This contribution describes the potential of timeresolved spectral measurements of the short-bunch beam dynamics.

Unveiling relativistic electron bunch microstructures and their dynamical evolutions, using photonic time-stretch

The photonic time-stretch technique allows electric field pulse shapes to be recorded with picosecond resolution, at megahertz acquisition rates. Using this strategy, we could directly record spatial patterns that spontaneously appear in relativistic electron bunches, and follow their dynamical evolution over time. We present recent results obtained using two strategies. At SOLEIL, we present the shapes of the THz pulses which are emitted by the structures, and detected far from the emission point, at the end of a beamline. At ANKA, we present how it has been possible to monitor directly the electron bunch near-field. These new types of single-shot recordings allow direct and stringent tests to be performed on electron bunch dynamical models in synchrotron radiation facilities.

An Integrated Planar Array of Ultrafast THz Y–Ba–Cu–O Detectors for Spectroscopic Measurements

Detectors made from the high-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-x are well suited to detect the high-intensity pulsed-terahertz (THz) radiation emitted by synchrotron light sources and free-electron lasers due to their fast response times. We propose a detection system consisting of an integrated planar array with four superconducting detectors coupled to narrowband double-slot antennas for the frequencies 140 GHz, 350 GHz, 650 GHz, and 1.02 THz, respectively. With the ability for spectroscopic measurements, it has the potential to further improve the understanding of accelerator science and the future application of THz radiation. In this paper, we present a new antenna and array design that has been especially optimized to match the high impedance of sub-μm-sized detector bridges needed for high sensitivities, and measurements performed at the Diamond Light Source.

Unveiling the complex shapes of relativistic electrons bunches, using photonic time-stretch electro-optic sampling

Photonic time-stretch enables to record electric field pulse shapes with picosecond resolution, at megahertz acquisition rates. Using this strategy, we could record the complex spatiotemporal evolution of relativistic electron bunches circulating in storage ring accelerators. We tested two complementary approaches. At SOLEIL, we monitored the THz pulses of coherent synchrotron that are emitted by the electrons. At ANKA, we monitored directly the electron bunch near-field.

Influence of Filling Pattern Structure on Synchrotron Radiation Spectrum at ANKA

We present the effects of the filling pattern structure in multi-bunch mode on the beam spectrum. This effects can be seen by all detectors whose resolution is better than the RF frequency, ranging from stripline and Schottky measurements to high resolution synchrotron radiation measurements. Our heterodyne measurements of the emitted coherent synchrotron radiation at 270 GHz reveal discrete frequency harmonics around the 100 000th revolution harmonic of ANKA, the synchrotron radiation facility in Karlsruhe, Germany. Significant effects of bunch spacing, gaps between bunch trains and variations in individual bunch currents on the emitted CSR spectrum are described by theory and supported by observations. INTRODUCTION With the approximation that the signal of every revolution in a storage ring is the same, the beam spectrum can be written as the convolution of an infinite pulse train, separated by the revolution time T0, the filling pattern signal sF (t) and the single pulse signal sp(t) [1]: s(t) =XT0 (t) ∗ sF (t) ∗ sp(t), (1) where XT0 (t) denotes the Shah distribution [2]: XT0 (t) = ∞ ∑ n=−∞ δ(t − nT0) . (2) The filling pattern signal consists of dirac delta peaks at the position kTRF of the k-th bunch and height Vk corresponding to the bunch charge

An ultra-fast digitizer with picosecond sampling time for Coherent Synchrotron Radiation

Since a few years Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) generated by short electron bunches is provided at the ANKA synchrotron light source. To study the THz emission characteristics over multiple revolutions superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) thin-film detectors can be used. The intrinsic response time of YBCO thin films is in the order of a few picoseconds only. For fast and continuous sampling of this individual ultra-short terahertz pulses a novel digitizer system has been developed with programmable sampling times in the range of 3 to 100 ps. The Real-time system is based on a heterogeneous FPGA and GPU architecture for on-line pulse reconstruction and evaluations of the peak amplitudes and the time between consecutive bunches. The data is transmitted to a GPU computing node by a fast data transfer link based on a bus master DMA engine connected to PCI express endpoint logic. This new DMA architecture ensures a continuous high data throughput of up to 4 GByte/s. The presented DAQ system is able to resolve the bursting behavior of single bunches even in a multi-bunch environment and to study the bunch-bunch-interactions.