John C. Gonsiorek

Balancing confidentiality: Protecting privacy and protecting the public

Confidentiality is a primary obligation for psychologists. Yet confidentiality has been subjected to legal and professional balancing tests, in which the need for a confidential relationship is balanced and then gives way to other societal or professional needs. The protection of children, prevention of violence, professional training, and treatment coordination have been given priority over maintaining confidentiality. In the process, psychologists seem increasingly inclined to disclose confidential information or seek opportunities to disclose confidential information even when there are other clinical or legal options. This article takes the position that any disclosure of confidential information should be a last resort and that psychologists must push back and limit the growing list of mandatory and permissible disclosures.