John Cullars

Citation Characteristics of Italian and Spanish Literary Monographs

The aim of this study is to determine the citation patterns of 472 randomly selected citations from eighty Italian and eighty Spanish monographs of literary criticism published in the 1980s and to compare these findings with those of studies of the humanities literature by the type of sources cited-monograph, journal article, manuscript, thesis; whether a primary or secondary source; by language; and by the publication date. The authors reason for making the citation is also examined. The citation patterns of Italian and Spanish literary monographs are similar and coincide in many respects with the findings of studies of other national literatures.

The Invisible Facets of the Hfg Ulm

aid of the author. Introduction For a participant to report on the history and influence of the Design Institute at Ulm (hfg ulm)l is a double-edged undertaking. On the one hand, the complaint arises that it is an account of, at best, personal anecdotes rather than an objective, nonpartisan evaluation such as could come only from disinterested outsiders. On the other hand, such an account, regardless of undeniable subjective elements, offers original source material from eyewitnesses as well as their own interpretations, which observers can draw on in addition to official documents and finished products.