John E. Tunbridge

Pluralising pasts : heritage, identity and place in multicultural societies

List of figures Acknowledgements 1. Introduction: Heritage and Plurality Part I: The Conceptual Context 2. Culture and Plural Identities 3. Towards Pluralising Pasts: Theories and Concepts of Heritage 4. Place, Identity and Heritage Part II: A Typology of Plural Societies 5. Nature and Types of Plural Society Part III: Heritage in Plural Societies 6. Heritage in Assimilation Models 7. Heritage in Melting Pot Models 8. Heritage in Core+ Models 9. Heritage in Pillar Models 10. Heritage in Salad Bowl Models 11. Conclusion: The Future of Pluralising the Past References Index

Large Heritage Waterfronts on Small Tourist Islands: the case of the Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda

The paper examines the historical and present-day role of the Royal Naval Dockyard, a globally motivated waterfront development of recurrent local dominance in the affairs of a small island community. Its historical role as a bastion of imperial naval defence, the Gibraltar of the West, is reviewed from the Victorian era until 1945; and its recent and continuing revitalisation, as heritage for tourist-leisure adaptive reuse, is discussed and illustrated. Its relationship to naval/waterfront heritage-oriented innovation elsewhere is considered; and the risks of such developments for the identity and tourist-historic economy of this and possibly other (ex)colonial naval outposts are queried.

Moving from Blue to Grey Tourism: Reinventing Malta

Tourism destinations reinvent themselves for various reasons ranging from intrinsic characteristics of tourism demand, economic behaviour and attitudes towards environments and local communities. An idea currently popular among the managers of tourism facilities, heritage resources and local places is the shift from coastal resort ‘blue’ tourism to urban heritage ‘grey’ tourism. This article uses the case of Malta to examine the processes and instruments of such change, the constraints and issues associated with it and the possible scenarios.

Decennial reflections on A Geography of Heritage (2000)

A decade ago, A Geography of Heritage: Power, Culture and Economy was published as an attempt to understand how the present invokes the past in the service of many and diverse contemporary needs and how such heritage functions within political, cultural and economic arenas. This article takes a retrospective view identifying those ideas that ‘flew’, by being developed and elaborated by others, those that ‘stalled’ being largely disregarded and those that were missed then but subsequently have received much attention. The burgeoning literature on heritage and a similar growth in academic courses in heritage studies prompts the prospective question, ‘where are we going?’ In particular, an increasing broadening of scope combined with an increasing diversity of academic approaches, promises both an enrichment of the study of heritage but also its fragmentation. Only the development of some core of accepted definitions, terminology and at least a modicum of grounded theory can bridge the widening gap between academics and practitioners, and prevent the different academic disciplinary perspectives retreating into mutually unintelligible solitudes.

Heritage, Tourism and Quality-of-Life

Heritage is the tourist goal. Heritage as the contemporary uses of pasts is called upon to satisfy many contemporary needs. Among these are providing a commodifiable resource for sale on tourism markets and contributing towards the shaping of unique senses of place for tourists and residents alike. There is an assumption that the creation of heritage places possessing high built-environmental amenity and distinctive local collective identities delivers an ‘identity dividend’ which is reflected in residential preferences, locational advantages for some appropriate businesses, real estate values and even some social and community-based benefits. This ‘identity dividend’ is assumed to contribute towards not only the quality of the tourist experience but also towards the well-being of residents and thus their quality-of-life as well. Such a desirable harmonious outcome depends upon the identification of visitors and residents with a similar heritage-induced place identity, the absence of competition between visitors and residents with consequent alienation and displacement, as well as the existence of a positive relationship between places of high heritage-induced identity value and the quality-of-life of both their residents and their transient users. This chapter will examine, question and exemplify these assumptions and the conditions upon which they depend.

Malta: Reclaiming the Naval Heritage?

This paper responds to three current concerns: military geographies, naval heritage in waterfront revitalisation and heritage tourism with particular reference to small‐island states. Malta is of cardinal interest in all these respects. Formerly the premier overseas naval base of the British Empire, it possesses abundant military heritage resources which derive from a culturally composite historical depth as well as from a territory‐wide geographical breadth. Paradoxically, the reclamation of its pre‐eminent naval heritage has been slow by the standards of peers elsewhere, notably Bermuda. The paper examines the reasons for this, what naval heritage reclamation has been undertaken, what is proposed, why this matters to Malta’s tourism economy and what wider significance this naval heritage has for the cultural/economic landscape. Malta is particularly significant in that it both substantially epitomises evolving postcolonial trajectories and uniquely reflects a pan‐European historical identity, befitting its recent accession to the EU.

The Churchill–Roosevelt Bases of 1940: The Question of Heritage in their Adaptive Reuse

The US military bases in the British Western Atlantic colonies, negotiated between Churchill and Roosevelt and formalised in the 1941 Destroyers–Bases Agreement, were all abandoned by the 1990s. In the process of their reuse the question of heritage meanings arises. From existing thoughts on heritage in older military bases, the paper considers the legitimacy of recent (living memory) bases as heritage, by reference to various cases among which Malta is particularly persuasive. The Churchill–Roosevelt bases and their heritage potential are then reviewed. The paper examines the three principal naval/military bases involved, namely Argentia (Newfoundland), Bermuda and Chaguaramas (Trinidad), with respect to what heritage perspectives exist among redevelopment agencies and other concerned institutional actors. In all cases heritage constitutes a recessive if not contentious issue among the priorities of base reuse in now post‐colonial environments.

Modelling the tourist-historic city

The attempts to conceptualise and regionalise the historic and tourist cities in the preceding chapters resulted in intra-urban structure models that were necessarily based on an initial isolation of these functions from each other and from other functional areas of the city. Although the two concepts were distinct in their origins and development, it nevertheless became increasingly clear in the subsequent analysis that the historic city is at least in part being defined by tourist demand and that the tourist city is in part delimitable in terms of the location of heritage attractions shaped from elements in the historic city. Each was developed initially quite independently by different organisations with quite different motives, yet it was argued above that the historic city ultimately depends for its definition and justification upon users while similarly the artefacts of the past are marketable as tourism resources. Thus we arrive by the logic of evolution rather than the deliberate intent of policy-makers at the composite tourist-historic city. This concept has much in common with other attempts to delimit similar areas especially in relation to tourist and recreational uses of the city, such as the idea of the Recreational Business District (Stansfield and Rickert, 1970) or Central Tourist District (Burtenshaw et al., 1991, p. 172). Both of these however are narrower, being based upon recreational commercial services and tourism facilities respectively.

Gregory Ashworth: personal reflections from a long partnership

Gregory Ashworth died on 6 November 2016, peacefully with his family at his home in Groningen, The Netherlands. He had fought serious afflictions for over two years, during which time he sustained ...

Return to Alexandria: an ethnography of cultural heritage revivalism and museum memory

Taylor and Francis Ltd RJHS_A_505050.sgm 10.1080/13527258.2010.505050 International Journal of Heritage Studies 352-7258 (pri t)/1470-3610 (online) Book Review 2 10 & Francis 6 60 0 00November 201 JohnTunbridge jtunbrid@ccs.carleton.ca Return to Alexandria: an ethnography of cultural heritage revivalism and museum memory, by Beverley Butler, Walnut Creek, CA, Left Coast Press, 2007, 299pp., US