John F. Pruski

The Subfamily Mutisioideae (Asteraceae)

The subfamily Mutisioideae (74 genera, ca. 865 species), which comprises three tribes, Mutisieae (43 genera, ca. 500 species), Nassauvieae (25 genera, ca. 315 species), and Stifftieae (six genera, 48 species), is analyzed at the generic level. A total of 87 genera traditionally related to Mutisioideae were studied. The genera of Mutisioideae are described and illustrated, and keys to tribes and genera are given. Corollas, anthers, styles, and pollen, are analyzed and discussed. The styles (smooth, rugulose to papillose, papillae short and rounded) constitute the main characters for delimiting the subfamily. The presence and distribution of the style papillae support the recognition of three tribes, although other characters as corolla shape contribute to their definition. The pollen of Nassauvieae can be clearly differentiated from the pollen of Mutisieae and Stifftieae. The morphology supports the exclusion of Brachylaena, Cloiselia, Dicoma, Duseniella, Erythrocephalum, Gladiopappus, Hesperomannia, Macledium, Moquinia, Pasaccardoa, Pleiotaxis, Tarchonanthus, and Warionia but not the exclusion of other taxa, for example, Hecastocleis, the Gochnatia complex, or the Ainsliaea group members.ResumenLa subfamilia Mutisioideae (74 géneros, ca. 865 especies), que comprende tres tribus, Mutisieae (43 géneros, ca. 500 especies), Nassauvieae (25 géneros, ca. 315 especies), y Stifftieae (6 géneros, 48 especies), es analizada a nivel genérico. Se estudió un total de 87 géneros que tradicionalmente fueron relacionados a Mutisioideae. Se describen e ilustran los géneros de Mutisioideae, y se proveen claves para las tribus y los géneros. Se analizan y discuten las corolas, anteras y estilos. Los caracteres del estilo (glabro, ruguloso a papiloso, las papilas cortas y redondeadas) son los más importantes para delimitar la subfamilia. La presencia y distribución de las papilas del estilo ayudan al reconocimiento de las tres tribus, aunque otros caracteres como la forma de la corola contribuyen a su definición. El polen de Nassauvieae se puede diferenciar claramente del polen de Mutisieae y Stifftieae. La morfología apoya la exclusión de Brachylaena, Cloiselia, Dicoma, Duseniella, Erythrocephalum, Gladiopappus, Hesperomannia, Macledium, Moquinia, Pasaccardoa, Pleiotaxis, Tarchonanthus, y Warionia, pero no la exclusión de otros taxa, por ejemplo, Hecastocleis, los miembros del complejo Gochnatia o del grupo Ainsliaea.

Compositae of the Guayana Highland---XI. Tuberculocarpus gen. nov. and some other Ecliptinae (Heliantheae)

A new genus from Venezuela, Tuberculocarpus, is described and illustrated, and the combination T ruber is made. Thelechitonia and Complaya are placed in synonymy of the formerly unispecific Sphagneticola, and a lectotype is chosen for the generitype S. ulei and for Verbesina calendulacea. Sphagneticola includes cultivated Wedelia trilobata, and the combinations S. brachycarpa, S. calendulacea, S. gracilis, and S. trilobata are made. Wuiffia is a taxonomic synonym of Tilesia, and combinations in Tilesia are proposed for the three species and one variety formerly placed in Wulffia: Tilesia baccata, T macrocephala, T rubens, and T. baccata var. discoidea. The basionym of the most widespread species of Tilesia (Coreopsis baccata) has previously been attributed to Linnaeus filius, but was published earlier by Linnaeus. Elaphandra moriana from French Guiana is described, and the combination Elaphandra lehmannii is made. Oyedaea wurdackii is described from Venezuela and is illustrated, and the combination Oyedaea tepuiana is proposed. The combination Verbesina ligulata is provided, and V guianensis is lectotypified and is an earlier name for V schomburgkii. Elaphandra sucrensis is reduced to synonymy of E. verbesinoides, E. lucidula is reduced to E. ulei, Oyedaea blakeana is reduced to 0. scaberrima, and Wuiffia trujilloi is reduced to Tilesia macrocephala. The Ecliptinae Lessing (including Verbesininae Bentham) of the Heliantheae (Compositae) are difficult taxonomically, both at the generic and specific levels. The traditional generic and subtribal classifications of this group by Bentham (1873) and Hoffmann (1890-1894) have been much revised in the recent past. The classification used here is that of Robinson (1981), but recent modifications by Robinson (1984a, 1992, and literature cited therein) and Strother (1991, and literature cited therein) are accepted. Features most commonly employed in classifications include anther, style, cypsela, and pappus characters, and fertility of the ray florets. Karis and Ryding (1994) used the name Verbesininae for much of the Ecliptinae. The following novelties and adjustments involve taxa primarily from the Guayana Highland of northeastern South America. These novelties are proposed prior to the appearance of many of them in the Compositae of the Guayana Highland, the Guide to the Vascular Plants of Central French Guiana, the Flora of St. John, U.S.VI., and the Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. A map (Fig. 1) is given for the six Guayana Highland endemics proposed or transferred here. The genera treated herein are restricted to the New World, with the exception of Sphagneticola 0. Hoffmann. Generic restructuring proposed here includes reduction of Complaya Strother and Thelechitonia Cuatrecasas to synonymy of Sphagneticola, which necessitates the transfer of the species of Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchcock group to Sphagneticola; the reduction of Wulffa Necker ex Cassini to synonymy of Tilesia G. Meyer, including the transfer of Wulffa baccata (L.) Kuntze to Tilesia; and the description of Tuberculocarpus Pruski, a generic segregate of the Aspilia Thouars-Wedelia Jacquin alli-

Conyza sumatrensis var. leiotheca (Compositae: Astereae), a New Combination for a Common Neotropical Weed

ABSTRACT Conyza sumatrensis is recognized as distinct from C. bonariensis and C. canadensis. Conyza albida and C. floribunda are treated as synonyms of C. sumatrensis. Conyza sumatrensis includes two varieties, and the new combination C. sumatrensis var. leiotheca is made for the nontypical variety, which is restricted to the Americas. Conyza sumatrensis var. sumatrensis is newly reported and documented in the United States; it also is found widely elsewhere in the Americas and is the sole variety occurring in the Old World.

Novelties in Calea (Compositae: Heliantheae) from South America

Calea subgenera Haplocalea and Monanthocalea are treated as sections. Calea nematophylla and C. robinsoniana are described as new, and their relationships are discussed. Tridax verticillata is an earlier name for C. multijuga and C. catalaonensis, and the combination C. verticillata is thus made. The type of C. multijuga is designated as the neotype of T verticillata. Calea saddiana is reduced to the synonymy of C. lutea, which is newly reported for Bolivia. Calea nematophylla and C. verticillata are illustrated.

Two new species of Calea (Compositae: Heliantheae) from Serra do Graio Mogol and vicinity, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Revisionary study of the South American species of Calea L. (Compositae: Heliantheae) by the first author and floristic study of Compositae in Grao Mogol, Minas Gerais, Brazil by the second author has lead to the recognition of two new species of Calea section Meyeria (DC.) Benth. Both are endemic to the neighbourhood of Serra do Grfio Mogol, Minas Gerais, Brazil, an area known for its high endemicity. An introduction to this region and a discussion of several other endemic Compositae is found in Hind (1994).

Compositae of the Guayana Highlands-VI. Huberopappus maigualidae (Vernonieae), a New Genus and Species from Venezuela

Huberopappus maigualidae, a new genus and species of Compositae tribe Vernonieae from Sierra de Maigualida, Venezuela, is described and illustrated. Huberopappus is the only genus of the tribe with a coroniform pappus and dimorphic achenes. By its pappus Huberopappus is similar to Struchium and especially to Ekmania and Gor- ceixia, the latter two being taken as its closest rel- atives. Huberopappus, Ekmania, and Gorceixia seem to form a generic group and are placed near Pollalesta in the Vernonieae subtribe Piptocarphin- ae.

Gamochaeta serpyllifolia Wedd. (Compositae: Gnaphalieae), the correct name for Gamochaeta munnozii Cabrera

Gamochaeta munnozii Cabrera was proposed as a new name for South American Gnaphalium serpyllifolium Remy (1849), non Bergius (1767). Weddell (1855), however, had proposed Gamochaeta serpyllifolia and included Gnaphalium serpyllifolium Remy in synonymy. Thus, Gamochaeta serpyllifolia is the correct name for this taxon. A lectotype is chosen for Gnaphalium serpyllifolium Remy.

(1704) Proposal to conserve the name Gnaphalium purpureum (Compositae: Gnaphalieae) with a conserved type

Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru (1993) as a synonym of Chucoa, though both names were published in the same year and date priority has not been conclusively established. Weberbaueriella has not appeared in any other modem literature. Although annotations of the types sug gest that Dillon was unsure when he synonymised the names, it now seems certain that Chucoa Cabrera, Bol. Soc. Argentina Bot. 6(1): 40 (November 1955) is taxonomically identical, and that is the name most commonly used for the taxon. If Weberbauerella Ulbrich and Weberbaueriella Ferreyra were mied to be treated as homonyms, it would establish Chucoa as unquestionably the correct name for the Composite genus. Committee recommendation. 14 vote to treat them as confusable, and 1 not to do so.