John H. Rust

A Factor in Human Gamma Globulin Preparations active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections

Summary A factor in the γ globulin fraction of human plasma has been shown to prevent death in mice from Ps. aeruginosa infections, when injected subsequent to the inoculation. Protection was demonstrated in normal mice, and in mice rendered more susceptible to this infection by pretreatment with cortisone, or by subjecting them to thermal trauma. Human serum albumin was without activity.

Lethal Dose Studies with Burros and Swine Exposed to Whole Body Cobalt-60 Irradiation

A LD 50/30 value of 651 r was previously reported for the burro exposed to whole-body tantalum-182 irradiation (1). Comparison of that value with those in the literature was impractical because of the species difference and variations in the conditions of exposure. This paper presents the LD 50/30 for burros and swine exposed under similar conditions except that cobalt-60 was used as the source of radiation instead of tantalum-182. These data, together with some physical factors, will be discussed in terms of lethal response as a function of species and of various physical factors. Method The method of selection of the burros was described in previous reports. Forty males and 10 females, two and a half to three and a half years old, weighing from 115 to 164 kg., were selected. All were in good health. For five groups of 10 burros each the mean exposures were 605, 690, 750, 790, and 945 r (Table I) (1). For this study the exposure field was activated with cobalt-60 instead of tantalum-182 (2). About 37 cur...

THE CONSEQUENCES OF INGESTION BY MAN OF REAL AND SIMULATED FALLOUT

Abstract : Real and simulated particulate fallout and solutions of Sr85Cl2 and Cs(134)Cl2 were fed to 102 healthy volunteers. Absorption and retention of ingested radioactivity was measured by whole body counting using the gamma-ray spectrometer at the Argonne Cancer Research Hospital. An average of 3 per cent of the radioactivity of week-old local fallout was absorbed: the range was 0 to 9 per cent. Strontium and cesium leached or dissolved from simulated fallout behaved in the same way, metabolically, after absorption as they did when the tracer was swallowed in a solution or injected intravenously. The large number of subjects studied provided additional information on the range of variation of intestinal motility, biological availability of strontium, cesium and barium following ingestion of fallout, and retention of the radionuclides of these elements. (Author)

The Mortality Response of the Burro (Equus asinus) to a Single Total-Body Exposure of Gamma Radiations from Zr 95 /Nb 95

The LD50(30) for burros irradiated at a rate of 15 r/hr with gamma radiation from Zr95/Nb95 sources was 585 r with a 95% confidence interval of 530 to 627 r. The mode of death was characterized by an absence of early deaths and occasional prolonged survival time beyond 30 days, of lethally irradiated animals. A variable I131 uptake by thyroid, decreased iron uptake, increased blood pyruvic acid and pancytopenia were measured in circulating blood of irradiated animals. The lethality of gamma irradiation from Zr95/Nb95 was greater than that of gamma radiations fronm Co60 or Ta182 if the free-in-air doses were compared. The midline doses necessary to produce the same biological effects were about equal, however, for the various sources when all factors were considered.

The Lethal Dose of Whole-Body Tantalum182 Gamma Irradiation for the Burro (Equus asinus asinus)

The response of man and animals to whole-body irradiation is of major interest. Due to obvious experimental difficulties, observations of large animals have been limited in comparison to those on small laboratory species. Tullis et al. (1) have reported lethal dose investigations with swine, and Prosser et al. (2) mention a lethal dose study with goats but give no details. Some data are also becoming available from various field experiments performed in conjunction with atomic bomb tests (3, 4). So far as is known, there have been reported no other similar studies with animals having a tissue mass or body volume approaching that of man. There is little or no information dealing with such interrelated problems as significance of depth dosage, time-intensity relationships, gamma rays vs. x-rays, radiosensitivity of various species, extrapolation from small to large animals, and sublethal physiological effects. The burro (Equus asinus asinus) was chosen for initial whole-body irradiation investigations becau...

Effect of Total Body Irradiation on Rabbit Pituitary as Measured by Gonadotropin Response in Chicks.

Summary Rabbit pituitaries from animals exposed to 750 and 1100 r of total body Cobalt-60 gamma irradiation showed an early suppression of gonadotropin principles as measured by the chick gonad response. The 750 r group showed the depression on the 8th day after irradiation while in the 1100 r group the suppression was evident by day one and was sustained through day 7. After this time the gonadotropin activity in both groups returned to the normal level.

Whole Blood Clotting, Clot Retraction and Prothrombin Utilization in Burros Following Total Body Gamma Radiation.

Summary and Conclusions 1. Nine burros exposed to a lethal dose of whole body gamma radiation were observed. The burros had symptoms and pathologic changes characteristic of the irradiation syndrome. Four died during the first week and the remaining 5 died before the 30th post irradiation day. These 5 showed hemorrhagic symptoms. 2. There was a retardation of whole blood clotting time. A clotting defect was demonstrated in recalcified oxalated plasmas of burros tested 2 weeks after irradiation. 3. All irradiated burros developed a severe thrombocytopenia and a lessening of clot retraction was noted on the after 4th post irradiation day, with no clot retraction after the 16th day when the platelet count was approaching zero. 4. There was a pronounced diminution of prothrombin utilization rate after irradiation. The first change was noted 22 hours after irradiation or 3 hours after the animals were removed from the exposure field. 5. There was no demonstrable circulating anticoagulant. The possible relation of platelet concentration to the clotting defects is discussed.