John H. Shinn

From coal to single-stage and two-stage products: A reactive model of coal structure

Abstract Using detailed chemical analyses of both coal and products from various liquefaction schemes, molecular models have been constructed to show the steps in the conversion process, and the nature of the products. Products from short- and long-contact time dissolution are shown in relation to structures found in the parent coal. Such molecules are highly functional, high molecular weight materials, which are difficult to process by conventional methods and tend to associate causing product stability problems. In contrast, products from two-stage liquefaction have greatly reduced molecular weight and functionality, and are consequently more amenable to downstream processing. The accurate and quantitative presentation of models reflects the analytical data on the coal and liquefaction products in terms of elemental distribution, aromaticity, functional group chemistry, and reactivity.

Molecular base approaches by GC-AED to HDS of gas oil on sulfide catalysts

GC-AED is a powerful instrument for analyses of every molecular components in the gas oil. Intrinsic and partner dependent reactivities of sulfur species in gas oils are determined in HDS by aid of GC-AED.

Integrating Greenhouse Gas Emissions Management Into Capital Projects Planning

Publisher Summary A portfolio of tools for integrating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions management into the planning and review of new projects is presented in this chapter. These components include: 1) a screening tool that requires minimal data and can quickly provide an estimate of the potential impact of GHG emissions on a projects economics; 2) the more rigorous ChevronTexaco Projector for detailed GHG and criteria pollutant emission calculations; 3) a mitigation options planning aid; and 4) a tool to evaluate the GHG implications of potential mergers, acquisitions, and divestitures. The tools and flowchart are innovative applications in GHG emissions management. They allow capital project teams to quickly determine the magnitude of potential GHG concerns for their projects, and then tailor their analyses appropriately. ChevronTexaco responds to the concern about climate change with a fourfold plan of action, which includes reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and increasing energy efficiency, and investing in research, development, and improved technology. Capital projects in ChevronTexaco are managed according to the five-phase ChevronTexaco Project Development and Execution Process (CPDEP) that includes identification and assessment of opportunities, generation and selection of alternative, and development of preferred alternative.