John H. Spurgeon
University of South Carolina
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Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport | 1995
Karen E. French; John H. Spurgeon; Michael E. Nevett
Previous research has shown that experts exhibit superior response selection and skill execution during performance in youth sport. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in cognitive and skill execution components of game performance in young baseball players (N = 159) with varying levels of expertise. Three levels of expertise (low-, average-, and high-skilled players) were identified at each age level (7, 8, 9, and 10 years of age). Game performance was videotaped, and measures of skill execution (throwing accuracy, throwing force, fielding, catching, batting average, and batting contact) and cognitive components (positioning, decisions) were developed from observational analysis. The results indicated that baseball skill execution during game play maximally discriminated expertise levels.
Annals of Human Biology | 1978
John H. Spurgeon; E. Matilda Meredith; Howard V. Meredith
Stature, sitting height, hip width, arm and calf circumferences and body weight have been measured in black children of Richland County, South Carolina. Lower limb height and three indices of body shape were obtained from the measurements. Sample size exceeded 200 for each of five age-sex groups representing girls and boys aged 6 years, girls and boys aged 9 years, and boys aged 11 years. Comparisons are made with findings from previous research on children of predominantly black ancestry living in west and central Africa, the West Indies, and North, Central and South America. Black children of Richland County measured during 1974--77 are taller than black children studied since 1960 in Angola, Chad, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Uganda, Anguilla, Barbados, Cuba, Guyana, Jamaica, Nevis, St. Kitts, St. Vincent, and Surinam. Children of well-to-do black families in Accra and Ibadan are no taller or heavier than black children of Richland County taken without regard to socio-economic status. In hip width, averages for Richland County black children are larger than those for children of the Hutu and Yoruba tribes; in arm girth they are larger than children of the Hutu and Tutsi tribes. Age changes and group differences are reported for hip width relative to lower limb height, and lower limb height relative to sitting height. During childhood, the hip/lower limb index decreases, and the lower limb/sitting height index increases. Almost identical hip/lower limb indices characterize black populations in Africa, Cuba, and the United States.
American Journal of Human Biology | 1999
Ki-Bong Kim; Karen E. French; John H. Spurgeon
Somatic data were collected during April 1997 on 156 females ages 6, 9, 13, and 15 years, residing in urban Pusan, South Korea, and on 158 age peers residing in rural regions surrounding the city. Comparisons were made between urban and rural groups for measures of body size and form, skinfold thicknesses, the body mass index (BMI), and estimated arm muscle area (ARM). Age at menarche was retrospectively reported by the 13‐ and 15‐year‐olds. The data were analyzed in 2 (urban‐rural) × 3 (age) analyses of variance with an alpha level of P < 0.05. Age differences were evident for all dimensions. A significant main effect for urban–rural differences was found for stature, lower limb height, upper limb height, shoulder width, hip width, triceps skinfold, ARM, skelic index, and the trunk width index. Regardless of age, urban children were larger than rural children. Similar means were obtained for the BMI in urban and rural girls. Age at menarche was consistent with recent results; however, the rural sample (12.4 years) was significantly earlier than the urban sample (13.1 years). Compared with data collected four decades ago, present‐day 6‐, 9‐, 13‐, and 15‐year‐old females are taller and heavier at every age, indicating secular gains. Pusan females are similar in stature to age peers in Taiwan, Japan, and Hong Kong, and taller than the Chinese. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 11:735–744, 1999.
Child Development | 1976
Howard V. Meredith; John H. Spurgeon
From original data at age 13 years on 386 North American females (201 black and 185 white), statistics are presented for 10 somatic variables. The 2 ethnic groups yield similar means for standing height, arm girth, and leg girth; the black females, contrasted with their white peers, are shorter in sitting height, longer in lower limb height, and narrower in hip width. The Columbia subjects are compared with black and white females studied in North America several decades ago, and with black and white females studied recently in other parts of North America and in Australia, Europe, Africa, and the Lesser Antilles.
American Journal of Human Biology | 1994
John H. Spurgeon; Karen E. French; Warren K. Giese; Marilyn F. Steele; Vn Utenko; Pv Bundzen; Va Rogozkin
Somatic data were collected during September 1991 on 280 males, ages 6, 9, and 15 years, residing in urban St. Petersburg, Russia, and in rural regions surrounding the city. Comparisons are made between urban and rural groups for measures of body size and form, skinfold thicknesses, body mass index (BMI), and estimated arm muscle area (ARM). The data were analyzed in 2 (urban‐rural) × 3 (age) analyses of variance, with an alpha level of P < 0.05.
American Journal of Human Biology | 1997
John H. Spurgeon; Ki-Bong Kim; Karen E. French; Warren K. Giese
Somatic data were collected during July 1995 on 154 males, ages 6, 9, and 15 years, residing in urban Pusan, South Korea, and on 157 age peers residing in rural regions surrounding the city. Comparisons are made between urban and rural groups for measures of body size and form, skinfold thicknesses, the body mass index (BMI), and estimated arm muscle area (ARM). The data were analyzed in 2 (urban‐rural) × 3 (age) analyses of variance with an alpha level of P < 0.05. Age differences were evident for all dimensions. A significant main effect for urban‐rural differences was found for stature, sitting height, lower limb height, upper limb length, arm girth, calf girth, shoulder width, hip width, body weight, and the sum of skinfolds. Regardless of age, urban children were larger than rural children. The interaction was nonsignificant. Except for the trunk width index, urban and rural boys did not differ on measures of body form. Similar means were obtained for the BMI and ARM in urban and rural boys. Compared with data collected four decades ago, present day 6, 9, and 15 year old males are taller and heavier at every age, indicating secular gains. Pusan males are similar in stature to age peers in Taiwan and Japan, and taller than the Chinese. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 9:493–503, 1997.
American Journal of Human Biology | 1994
Marilyn F. Steele; John H. Spurgeon; Karen E. French; Warren K. Giese; Vn Utenko; Pv Bundzen; Va Rogozkin
Dietary intake data were gathered on 123 rural and 111 urban males, ages 6, 9, and 15 years, living in and near St. Petersburg, Russia. Data were analyzed to estimate intakes of kilocalories, protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, and percentage of kilocalories from protein, carbohydrate, and fat. Comparisons were made between nutrient intakes of urban and rural subjects; intakes were also compared with the Recommended Dietary Intakes (RDI) of the USSR Research Institute of Nutrition. There were no significant differences between rural and urban boys in energy intake at any age. Urban boys consumed more vitamin C at ages 6 and 9, had higher intakes of protein, calcium, and niacin at age 9, and consumed more protein at age 15. Rural boys had higher intakes of riboflavin and calcium than urban boys at age 6. Urban boys consumed larger proportions of energy as carbohydrate at age 6, protein at age 9, and both protein and fat at age 15 than rural subjects. Rural boys had higher proportions of kilocalories from fat at age 6 and carbohydrate at age 15 than urban boys. Mean nutrient intakes below the RDI were: energy for rural boys at 9 and 15 years; iron for rural subjects at ages 6 and 9 and urban boys at age 6; calcium for rural and urban boys at all ages; vitamin C for rural subjects at ages 6 and 9; vitamin A for rural and urban boys at age 15; and protein for rural boys at age 15. At age 6, rural boys had nutrient intakes superior to those of urban boys; urban nutrient intakes were better than rural at ages 9 and 15.
American Journal of Human Biology | 1991
Surinder Nath; Karen E. French; John H. Spurgeon
Data were collected during 1987 on 84 Baiga and 146 Gond males, ages 7 years to 18 years, living in rural regions of Madhya Pradesh State (India). Comparisons are made between Baiga and Gond males for 11 measures of body size, one measure of body form, and the body mass index (BMI). Somatic comparisons (standing height, body weight, and skelic index) were made at 5 ages with earlier samples of rural Indian males. Across all ages Gond males exceed their Baiga peers in standing height, sitting height, shoulder width, and body weight. Skelic index values (lower limb height expressed relative to sitting height) are similar for both ethnic groups through late childhood, but thereafter values are higher for Baiga males. Through age 15 years, Gond males exceed other rural Indian males from various tribes in standing height and body weight; lower limb height expressed relative to sitting height is highest for Baiga males.
American Journal of Human Biology | 1989
Patricia R. Robinson; John H. Spurgeon
Somatic data were collected during 1986–1987 on 53 Black girls age 9 years living in Calhoun County in rural central South Carolina. Measures of body size (standing height, sitting height, upper limb length, lower limb height, arm girth, hip width, and body weight), body from (lower limb height as a percentage of sitting height, arm girth as a percentage of upper limb length, calf girth as a percentage of lower limb height, hip width as a percentage of lower limb height) and skin‐fat thickness (over triceps and on abdomen) were analyzed for central tendency and variability. Comparisons were made with earlier samples of Black girls measured in rural regions of Richland County in central South Carolina during 1975–1976 and in urban Greenville city and rural Pitt County in eastern North Carolina during 1980–1981 as well as with earlier studies conducted in various parts of the United States. The four same‐age group samples yielded similar means for standing height, sitting height, arm and calf girth, and body weight. The Calhoun County girls exceeded their Pitt County, North Carolina, peers in lower limb height, upper limb length, and lower limb height as a percentage of sitting height. In each of the subgroups studied, the distribution of measures for skin‐fat thicknesses was, to some extent, skewed positively.
Research Quarterly. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation | 1974
James A. Keith; John H. Spurgeon; Steven N. Blair; L. Wayne Carter
Abstract Male subjects (N = 92) between the ages of 22 and 68 were administered the Motivational Analysis Test (MAT) and a physical activity questionnaire in an attempt to determine if differences in personality characteristics could be determined for those who were physically active and those who were physically inactive. The active group numbered 33 and the inactive numbered 31 when divided according to physical activity scores. Only those who qualified by virtue of activity scores were used in the stepwise discriminant analysis. Significant differences were found on MAT variables and provided an affirmative answer to the question posed. The physically inactive group scored significantly higher on the erg fear and sentiment superego, while the active subjects scored significantly higher on the ergs mating and narcism-comfort.