John Kassotis

Change in the Retrograde Atrial Activation Sequence Following Radiofrequency Modification of the Atrioventricular Node

Introduction: Despite the great success in treating AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) with radiofrequency modification of the AV node, the dimensions of the electrophysiologic circuit of this arrhythmia remain unclear, and simple models fail to explain all tachycardia‐related phenomena.

Gatifloxacin induced torsades de pointes.

The authors present an unusual case of torsades de pointes in an elderly woman treated with intravenous gatifloxacin antibiotic therapy.

Feasibility of dual-chamber (DDD) pacing via a single-pass (VDD) pacing lead employing a floating atrial ring (dipole): case series, future considerations, and refinements.

The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of DDD pacing from a standard single-pass VDD pacemaker system. Over the past 2 decades significant advances have been made in the development of single-pass VDD pacing systems. These have been shown in long-term prospective studies to effectively preserve atrioventricular (AV) synchrony in patients with AV block and normal sinus node function. What remains problematic is the development of a single-pass pacing system capable of DDD pacing. Such a lead configuration would be useful in those patients with peripheral venous anomalies and in younger patients with congenital anomalies, which may require lead revisions in the future. In addition, with the increased use of resynchronization (biventricular pacing) therapy, the availability of a reliable single-pass lead will minimize operative time, enhance patient safety, and minimize the amount of hardware within the heart. The feasibility of DDD pacing via a Medtronic Capsure VDD-2 (Model #5038) pacing lead was evaluated. Twenty patients who presented with AV block and normal sinus node function were recruited for this study. Atrial pacing thresholds and sensitivities were assessed intraoperatively in the supine position with various respiratory maneuvers. Five patients who agreed to participate in long-term follow-up received a dual-chamber generator and were evaluated periodically over a 12-month period. Mean atrial sensitivity was 2.35 ±0.83 mV at the time of implantation. Effective atrial stimulation was possible in all patients at the time of implantation (mean stimulation threshold 3.08 ±1.04 V @ 0.5 ms [bipolar], 3.34 ±0.95 V @ 0.5 ms [unipolar]). Five of the 20 patients received a Kappa KDR701 generator, and atrial electrical properties were followed up over a 1-year period. There was no significant change in atrial pacing threshold or incidence of phrenic nerve stimulation over the 1-year follow-up. A standard single-pass VDD pacing lead system was capable of DDD pacing intraoperatively and during long-term follow-up. Despite higher than usual thresholds via the atrial dipole, pacemaker telemetry revealed <10% use of atrial pacing dipole over a 12-month period, which would minimally deplete the pacemaker’s battery. In addition, the telemetry confirmed appropriate sensing and pacing of the atrial dipole throughout the study period. At this time such systems can serve as back-up DDD pacing systems with further refinements required to optimize atrial thresholds in all patients.

Repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia associated with exercise--a case report.

The case of a 45-year-old man suffering from a catecholamine-sensitive ventricular tachycardia originating from the right ventricular outflow tract is reported. The authors describe a novel noninvasive treatment strategy for the management of this patient.