John Langmore

Australia's Campaign for Security Council Membership

The United Nations Security Council has global responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. It is therefore essential for Australia to nominate periodically for non-permanent membership, and 2013–14 was the earliest feasible opportunity available to the Rudd government. Australias uneven record of participation in the United Nations over the last decade and a half was an impediment to election, but recent renewed commitment to international law and upgraded multilateral engagement, among other factors, strengthened the case for election. Australia was elected in the first round of voting, principally due to effective political leadership and the sustained campaign organised by diplomatic officers. Membership will enable Australia to participate actively in discussion of issues on the Councils agenda and to lead discussion of two or three additional subjects. 联合国安理会负有维护国际和平及安全的责任。因此澳大利亚有必要定期提名为非常任理事国，2013—14年对陆克文政府是最早的机会。过去十五年中澳大利亚参与联合国事务颇不均衡，这不利于其当选。而最近它对国际法的重新关注、对多边关系的提升则有助于其当选。澳大利亚主要由于有效的政治领导和外交官坚持不懈的努力而在第一轮投票中当选。有了成员国资格，澳大利亚就能积极参与安理会的讨论，并领导两三个附加议题的讨论。

A Crime against Humanity? Implications and Prospects of the Responsibility to Protect in the Wake of Cyclone Nargis

In May 2008 Cyclone Nargis created significant international debate when the ruling military regime in Myanmar refused to allow international relief supplies and specialists into the country. The discussion that followed included invoking the principle of Responsibility to Protect as a way of forcing the regime to accept international assistance. This proposal caused sharp division amongst governments, relief agencies, journalists and citizens. The regimes shocking refusal to accept assistance constituted a crime against humanity and, as such, deserved consideration as an R2P situation. The damage which military action involves was severely underestimated by those proposing it and although the situation following Nargis clearly met the threshold criteria, permitting coercive intervention, the precautionary principles were not satisfied, thus making coercive intervention under R2P impermissible. The involvement of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) following Nargis facilitated entry of disaster assessment teams and some aid into Myanmar. In light of Myanmars fear of intervention in its affairs, the international community should have used R2P to frame a response and worked with ASEAN from the outset to pressure the regime to respond to the disaster more effectively.

Recent Developments in Industrial Relations in Papua-New Guinea

THE ANNOUNCEMENT of the decision in the Local Officers Case on May 11, 1967, was the conclusion of the first detailed investigation of wages in Niugini (Papua and New Guinea). Mr L. G. Matthews, the Public Service Arbitrator, decided that the minimum annual salary paid to Niuginian public servants should be increased by

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40 to

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480; that the local annual salaries for the highest professional positions should be increased by

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600 to

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5675; and that at intermediate levels qualified tradesmen should receive a minimum of

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950 p.a. and university graduates

Wages Polic in Papua New Guinea

1950 p.a.1 There was only one Niuginian eligible for the highest salary in 1967. The Arbitrator considered that he should adopt &dquo;a cautious approach&dquo; to the minimum wage, but that having considered all the evidence, the minimum wage could be increased by 40 dollars so as to retain comparability with the urban award wages paid by private enterprise which had increased while the case was in progress. The necessity for senior Niuginian officers’ to &dquo;associate on proper comparative terms with counterparts in other countries as well as their own&dquo; (p. 82) and the importance of providing &dquo;sufficient incentive&dquo; persuaded the Arbitrator that top salaries should be increased substantially. The

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600 p.a. increase was approximately the level claimed by the Public Service Association (P.S.A.) for senior officers. The public response to the decision was strongly critical. The most dramatic demonstration of dissatisfaction was a march by about 1000 protestors to the Administration headquarters at Konedobu to present a petition to the Administrator. The P.S.A. quickly decided to apply to the Arbitrator for a review of