John M. Whiteley

The Importance of Context: Integrating Resource Conservation with Local Institutions

This article focuses on the manner by which resource management regimes, often conceived far away from their areas of application, are integrated into the local institutions, practices, and social structures of a place. This process of contextualization may be especially critical where, for reasons of resource scarcity, remoteness, or system complexity, the state cannot engage in effective program management. The thesis of the article is that if the program is to be sustainable, contextualization may be necessary and, moreover, can induce profound changes in the form and function of the original program. This process can lead to a type of governance that operates through webs of social relationships rather than hierarchical and bureaucratic lines of authority. We use this mode of analysis to show how a unique and viable species conservation program evolved on the Turtle Islands, Philippines, how the process of contextualization transformed it, and why it all unraveled.

The Paradigms of Counseling Psychology

Over the past five decades, theoretical paradigms of counseling psychology have expanded in complexity and explanatory power, as have the problems of human living to which they are addressed. In developing the evolution of counseling psychology’s paradigms, the principal organizing theme will be the intertwined nature of those paradigms with their treatment by The Counseling Psychologist (TCP) in its early years through 1984. TCP itself evolved in that timeframe from the distinct periods of historical development of the profession. That history will be traced after a sketch of the founding of the journal.

Water War in the Klamath Basin: Macho Law, Combat Biology and Dirty Politics Holly Doremus and A. Dan Tarlock. 2008. Washington DC: Island Press. Cloth,

Questioning the common idea that the characteristics of endangered species are simply the opposite of those of invasive species, Jeschke and Strayer analyzed 20 traits of 1,813 species of European and North American freshwater fishes and birds. They found that size and life history (lifespan and reproductive variables) were more strongly correlated with threat status than with invasiveness. Conversely, association with humans was the best predictor of invasiveness but was not correlated with threat status. In fact, native latitudinal range was the only variable tested that showed a strong converse relationship between threat status and invasiveness. Overall, the predictability of threat status on the basis of the traits analyzed was lower than the predictability of invasion success. The authors concluded that the peril of endangered species has different causes than the success of invasives, and that different aspects of global change affect the status of the two types of species.