John P. Hager

Thermodynamic properties of the Cu−Sn and Cu−Au systems by mass spectrometry

AbstractThe activities and partial molar heats of mixing have been determined in the liquid Cu−Sn system at 1320°C and the liquid Cu−Au system at 1460°C. The experimental technique consisted of the analysis of Knudsen cell effusates with a T.O.F. mass spectrometer. The ion current ratio for the alloy components was measured for each system over a range of temperature and composition and the thermodynamic values calculated by a modified Gibbs-Duhem equation. Both systems exhibited negative deviations from ideal behavior. The results can be partially represented by the equations

Viscosities and activities in lead-smelting slags

\begin{gathered} \log \gamma _{Cu} = - 0.0175x^2 _{Sn} - 0.302 (0 \leqslant x_{Cu} \leqslant 0.20) \hfill \\ log \gamma _{Sn} = - 0.342x^2 _{Cu} + 1.084(0 \leqslant x_{Sn} \leqslant 0.20) \hfill \\ \end{gathered}

Thermodynamic properties of the vapor transport reactions in the Au−Cl system by a transpiration-mass spectrometric technique

for the Cu−Sn system at 1320°C and by

Process for preheating iron-containing reactor feed prior to being treated in a fluidized bed reactor

\begin{gathered} \log \gamma _{Cu} = - 0.703x^2 _{Au} - 0.083(0 \leqslant x_{Cu} \leqslant 0.52) \hfill \\ \log \gamma _{Au} = - 1.057x^2 _{Cu} + 0.098(0 \leqslant x_{Au} \leqslant 0.47) \hfill \\ \end{gathered}

Process for using fluidized bed reactor

for the Cu−Au system at 1460°C.

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE CONVERSION OF IRON-CONTAINING REACTOR FEED INTO IRON CARBIDE

AbstractThe activities and partial molar heats of mixing have been determined for the liquid Sn−Ge system at 1773 K and the liquid Sn−Au system at 1873 K. The experimental technique consisted of analyzing Knudsen cell effusates with a TOF mass spectrometer. The ion current ratios for the monomeric vapor species were measured as a function of temperature and composition and the thermodynamic properties calculated using a modified form of the Gibbs-Duhem equations.In addition to exhibiting very slight positive deviation from ideal behavior, the Sn−Ge system displayed parabolic solution behavior over the entire composition range. The results for the excess partial molar free energies and partial molar heats of mixing for the Sn−Ge system can be represented by