John P. Ryaby

Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields and Normal Chick Development

The effects of two clinical-type signals of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEW) were tested on a large sample of developing chick embryos by two independent laboratories. The embryos were examined after seven days of incubation to avoid the early stages when most spontaneous abnormalities occur. The data were pooled and analyzed statistically. Neither signal, when administered continuously for the first seven days of development, or for the first 24 hours, produced a significant increase in the incidence of malformations. These results are discussed in relation to those of other investigators claiming PEW-related effects on normal development.