John W. Long

Resistance and Retribution: The Life and Fate of General E.K. Miller

A product of the Baltic German service nobility, General E.K. Miller enjoyed a career of unbroken success in the pre‐revolutionary Russian Army. During the Revolution of 1917, however, the General experienced difficulty in adapting to conditions in the post‐tsarist military and then refused altogether to accept the authority of the victorious Soviet government. A prominent figure in the anti‐Bolshevik resistance during the Civil War, Miller, eventually became a leader of the postwar emigre opposition to Bolshevism until his abrupt abduction by the Soviet NKVD in September 1937. Based on documents recently unearthed in police archives in Moscow, this article attempts to establish definitively the circumstances surrounding the seizure, protracted incarceration and ultimate destruction of this longstanding opponent of Soviet rule in Russia.

R. Neal Tannahill. The Communist Parties of Western Europe: A Comparative Study. Pp. xvi, 229. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1978.

In Ulster itself the &dquo;Catholic problem&dquo; grew apace-by the twentieth century one third of its people were Catholics. Unionism survived the crisis of 1912 and Ulster escaped inclusion in the Irish Free State created in 1921. But now, in Ulster, to religious division was added political-the Catholics being for the most part Irish Nationalists. Growing strength, economically and politically, of the Catholic minority led to a condition close to civil war by the 1960s; in 1972 the government of Northern Ireland was replaced by direct rule from Westminster. But Ulster refused to accept such authority, though insisting on its continuing loyalty to the crown. Once again Ulster has all but reverted to a state of