Joice Cristina dos Santos Trombeta

Effects of combined exercise training on immunological, physical and biochemical parameters in individuals with HIV/AIDS

Abstract The practice of exercise has shown to be beneficial to quality of life of individuals with HIV/AIDS. Thus, the present study analysed the effects of a combined exercise training in persons living with HIV/AIDS. Ten participants participated in the present study. The following variables were analysed: viral load and cell counts for TCD4+/TCD8; maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max); total mass, absolute fat mass, relative fat mass, absolute lean mass, relative lean mass and body mass index; fasting glycaemia, fasting insulinaemia, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index (insulin resistance – homeostatic model assessment (IR-HOMA)); total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL); superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. The combined exercise training consisted of resistance exercises plus aerobic training (60 min · session−1, three times per week, during 20 weeks). The number of TCD4+ cells, absolute lean mass and relative lean mass, muscle strength for the 45° leg press, seated row and triceps extension, HDL-c levels as well as VO2max increased post-training. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase enzymes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were diminished post-training. Finally, it can be concluded that combined exercise training is able to change positively several variables related to health of individuals with HIV/AIDS, mainly the immune system as well as antioxidant mechanisms re-establishment.

Perfil de Força de Preensão Palmar em Atletas de Karatê-dô Estilo Shotokan e Indivíduos não Atletas

Current essay focuses on research with regard to pregnancy. Pregnancy brings about huge physical and psychological transformations in the female with a great variety of emotional oscillations, such as fear, anxiety, insecurity, doubts, happiness and others, which, because of the prevailing imbalance, contribute towards the start of post-partum depression symptoms. Scientific registers focusing on PPD prevention methods already demonstrate the use of psycho-social, psycho-pharmacological and hormonal strategies even though no single isolated intervention is sufficiently efficacious in the development of the disease. A review of the literature, based on on-line access to abstracts from databases, is provided. The psychotherapeutic approach is of fundamental importance in treatment, coupled to family support and follow-up.

New insights into the effects of irisin levels in HIV-infected subjects: correlation with adiposity, fat-free mass, and strength parameters

OBJECTIVE Patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of metabolic disorders and alterations on irisin levels. Therefore, the purpose of the current investigation was to quantify the circulating irisin concentration in HIV-infected subjects under highly active antiretroviral therapy and to determine possible correlations between irisin levels with fat mass, fat-free mass, body mass index (BMI), and muscle strength. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study of 10 men (36.7 ± 11.3 years) and 10 women (42.5 ± 10.3 years) infected with HIV, recruited from the Specialized Service Center in the State Center of Reference for High and Medium Complexity. Blood samples were collected to determine plasma irisin levels, glucose, HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL. Body composition (fat mass, fat-free mass) and anthropometrics (body mass index; BMI) were measured by bioelectrical impedance. Muscle strength was assessed using a mechanic hand dynamometer and one maximum repetition tests. RESULTS Irisin levels correlated positively with fat mass (r = 0.67; p = 0.001) and BMI (r = 0.48; p = 0.036). In contrast, there was an inverse correlation between irisin levels and fat-free mass (r = -0.41; p = 0.008) and five strength parameters: right hand grip (r = -0.46; p = 0.044); left hand grip (r = -0.50; p = 0.027), relative hand grip (r = -0.79; p = 0.001), bench press (r = -0.58; p = 0.009), leg press (r = -0.40; p = 0.085), and biceps curl (r = -0.059; p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Irisin levels correlated positively with body fat and negatively with fat-free mass and strength parameters in HIV-infected patients. Female patients infected with HIV receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy have higher levels of irisin compared with men in a similar circumstance.

Parâmetros bioquímicos e cinética de lactato sanguíneo de sujeitos HIV+ submetidos ao treinamento físico combinado

The aim of the study was to verify the blood lactate kinetics (BLK) and the response to combined physical training (CPT) as well as to evaluate the effects on markers related to biochemical, immunological, cardiorespiratory and body composition in HIV + people. Twelve HIV+ volunteers performed CPT during 16 weeks, and were subjected to evaluations in 3 moments: pre, 8 and 16 weeks of CPT. At the end, there was improvement in immune and cardiorespiratory parameters, muscular strength and of glycemic and lipid profiles. Concerning BLK, the concentrations were increased after the CPT. We conclude that CPT improved the measured variables, nevertheless, the issue related to the BLK requires further studies in order to clarify this occurrence.

Blood lactate minimum of rats during swimming test using three incremental stages

Determinar la intensidad del lactato minimo (ILM) por LACmintest incremental mediante tres etapas graduales (LACmintest3) y evaluar su sensibilidad a los cambios en condiciones aerobias (CA). Veinte ratas realizaron: LACmintest3 (1): induccion de hiperlactacidemia y fase incremental (4 %, 5% y 6,5 % de pc); pruebas de cargas constantes equivalente (2) y arriba (3) de la ILM. Mitad de los animales fueron sometidos a entrenamiento fisico con la persona carga equivalente a la ILM y las pruebas se realizaron nuevamente. La carga media en LACmintest3fue 5,04 ± 0,13 % pc a 5,08 ± 0,55 mmol L-1 de lactato minimo en la sangre (LMS). Se observo una estabilizacion y desproporcionado aumento de lactato sanguineo en las pruebas 2 y 3, respectivamente. Despues del periodo de entrenamiento fisico, la media fue menor en el grupo entrenado. LACmintest3resulto ser un buen indicador de la ILM y sensible a los cambios que se producen en el CA en ratas entrenadas por nadar.