Joil José Celino

Fonte e grau da contaminação por hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) de baixa massa molecular em sedimentos da baía de Todos os Santos, Bahia

Todos os Santos Bay, located in Reconcavo Bahiano, is the largest navigable bay of Brazil. Its seafront has about 450 km and is covered by extensive mangroves and recent sediments. This study was undertaken to evaluate the possibility of chronic environmental impact induced by 50 years of exposure to the local petroleum industry. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from pyrolitic sources were identified and quantified in the total concentration range 1 - 408.629 ng.g -1 . The highest contents of PAHs were found in the harbors and transportation areas. Phe/An and An/(An+Phe) molecular indices were used to identify the PAH contamination source in the studied sampling stations. It was found that the pyrolitics PAHs concentrations were comparable with those of contaminated zones (refinery and extraction areas). In general, the Todos os Santos Bay sampling sites were contaminated, due to the petroleum trade on an individual scale along the Bay, and also waste oils from motorized boats.

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Groundwater Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry After Pre-Concentration Using Cloud‑Point Extraction with Surfactant Derivatization

A cloud-point extraction (CPE) method using the surfactant (30)p-tert-octylphenol polyoxyethylene (OPEO30) was proposed as the preceding step for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Given the need for surfactant derivatization before the chromatographic analysis, the reaction conditions of coacervate derivatization were studied. The extraction process was also optimized, where surfactant concentration, temperature and time were analyzed as variables. The limits of detection obtained were between 0.02 and 0.05 µg L-1, and the recoveries of analytes were between 70 and 98%, with coefficient of variation better than 10.3%. The analytical method developed provides an efficient, precise and accurate method for the determination of the 16 priority PAHs, generating results in accordance with the USEPA 3510C method. The method was applied to the analysis of groundwater samples collected from artesian wells located at retail fuel stations.

Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment: a multivariate analysis

Nesse trabalho, 14 dos hidrocarbonetos policiclicos aromaticos (HPA) incluidos pelo Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) na lista de poluentes prioritarios foram analisados atraves de cromatografia gasosa com espectrometria de massas acoplada (GC-MS). A amostragem das aguas superficiais foi realizada no estuario do rio Paraguacu e do rio Jaguaripe (Bahia), nordeste do Brasil. Concentracoes totais de HPAs variaram de 0,0029 a 0,1079 ng/L em aguas superficiais (rios principais, afluentes), com valor medio de 0,0344 ng/L. Tais concentracoes podem ser tomadas como valores-base para a regiao estudada. Os perfis de HPAs foram dominados por HPAs de baixo peso molecular (dois ou tres aneis de componentes) em amostras de agua superficial. Isto e indicativo de sua origem a partir de oleo ou contaminacao residual (entrada petrogenica). Os dados recolhidos mostram que entrada petrogenica foi predominante em quase todas as estacoes investigadas. Para discriminar diferencas e semelhancas entre as amostras, a analise de componente principal (ACP) foi realizada utilizando uma matriz de correlacao. A ACP revelou as relacoes entre todas as aguas superficiais das estacoes investigadas.

Source and distribution of organic matter in surface sediments from mangroves on the island of Itaparica, Bahia/Brazil

Elemental analysis and isotopic composition evaluated the impact of human activity at the surface sediments in the largest island of Todos os Santos Bay, northeastern Brazil. Saturated hydrocarbons (n-alkanes and isoprenoids) by gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector and 13C by mass spectrometer were determined from 30 surface sediment samples in mangroves at the Itaparica Island (Bahia-Brazil) in the rainy and dry season. These data, distribution, and ratio of carbon/nitrogen showed a mixture of sources: continental, marine, and anthropogenic ones. From the chromatographic profiles, light oil contamination was observed in the dry regions of Baiacu, Campinas, and Ponta Grossa, while in Jiribatuba it was observed during the rainy season. However, δ13C results during dry and rainy season in the presence of oil also showed in Misericordia and Cacha Prego districts for both periods and Ponta Grossa during the rainy season. Principal component analysis, using a correlation matrix, revealed the latent relationships among all the surface sediment stations investigated and confirmed our analytical results.

Sazonalidade na Qualidade Físico-Química e Microbiológica das Águas de Fontes Naturais de Salvador, Bahia

The quality of water in natural sources of Salvador (Bahia, Brazil) showed a pH slightly acidic characteristic and dissolved oxygen, nitrate and phosphorus levels to below the permitted by Resolution CONAMA 357/2005 and Ordinance No. 2914/2011 of the Ministry of Health (MOH). Assessed by multivariate statistics in the dry season and rainy, total and fecal coliforms is exceeded level with most of the investigated sources confirming water contamination by E. coli. For susceptibility testing, cultures were on PDA agar supplemented with supplements Pb, Cu, and Cd. The isolates were Gram negative bacteria, in arrangement in pairs with distinct macroscopic characteristics. The sensitivity levels for heavy metals demonstrated heterogeneity of the three isolates and growth. Liquid effluents from domestic and urban sewage and solid waste (garbage) are the sources responsible for most contamination. DOI: 10.5935/1984-6835.20160044

Indicadores geoquímicos de contaminação por compostos orgânicos voláteis em águas subterrâneas da Bacia do Rio Lucaia, Salvador, Bahia

Geochemical indicators of contamination by volatile organic compounds in groundwater on Lucaias River Basin, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. This work investigated the groundwater contamination of the Lucaias River Basin, Salvador, Brazil, for petroleum hydrocarbons leaking from fuel tanks. The concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes ― BTEX ―, sulfate, nitrate and iron (II) was determined in 17 samples of groundwater. The concentration of BTEX ranged from 0.2 to 185.7 µg.L -1 and the concentrations of sulfate, nitrate and iron (II) were correlated with levels of BTEX undergoing natural degradation. In only two points BTEX levels were observed far above the permitted by CONAMA Resolution no 396/2008, while the others were below the detection limit.

IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DA INDÚSTRIA PETROLÍFERA EM MANGUEZAIS DA REGIÃO NORTE DA BAÍA DE TODOS OS SANTOS (BAHIA, BRASIL)

Mangroves are considered one of the most vulnerable coastal environments to oil impacts. This work assesses and correlates current levels of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons to the oil industry activities in the northern area of Todos os Santos Bay (E Brazil). Contamination levels were investigated by determining aliphatic and hydrocarbon concentrations and a comparison was made with the sediment from a reference site, located outside of the bay. The highest contents of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) were found in the harbors. The higher concentrations corresponding to the stations situated in the centre and in the north region of the study area. Total aliphatic hydrocarbons content in unpolluted intertidal and estuarine sediments are normally lower than the 10 µg.g-1. However, values higher than this such as those recorded at stations are indicative of petroleum inputs. The occurrence of expressives unresolved complex mixtures is related to the presence of degraded oil and to the degree of anthropogenic contribution. In most of the stations the unresolved complex mixtures represented 50 to 70% of the total aliphatic hydrocarbons, which indicates a high degree of anthropogenic contribution and the presence of petroleum degraded residues. The ratio of the resolved aliphatic/unresolved complex mixture index showed low values demonstrating mainly the occurrence of degraded oil. However, the TPH concentrations were comparable with those of slightly contaminated zones. As a result, high levels of sewage-derived petroleum hydrocarbons were dominant in the area rather than direct input from boating activities or urban run-off.

Efeitos dos minerais acessórios na geoquímica de elementos terras-raras em granitóides do Complexo Jequitinhonha no Extremo Sul da Bahia

The concentrations of light rare land elements (LRLE) in plutonic felsic rock are, in majority, completely dominated by supplementary phases, such as monazite, producing a potent petrogenetic indicative in the chemical study of RLE in granitic rocks. Seeking to deepen this notion we are presenting, comparing and discussing patterns of ETR in rocks, essential minerals and trace elements of massive crustal granites from the Neoproterozoic age, in the proximities of Sao Paulinhos town (SPL), Santa Luzia do Norte (SLN) Sao Joao do Sul (SJS) and Santo Antonio do Jacinto (SAJ) in the Jequitinhonha Complex in the State of Bahia, northeast Brazil. Just in very differentiated rocks (poor in trace minerals), there happens significant changes in the formats of the patterns of ETR, suggesting that in the initial stages of magmatic evolution, the variations of those formats, due to the division of essential minerals, are in good part masked by the trace minerals.