Jolanta Loster

Relationship between Occlusal Force Distribution and the Activity of Masseter and Anterior Temporalis Muscles in Asymptomatic Young Adults

Healthy subjects have a prevalent side on which they display higher-muscle activity during clenching. The relationship between symmetry of masseter muscle (MM) and anterior temporalis (TA) muscle activities and occlusion has been evaluated on the basis of physiological parameters. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the symmetry of surface EMG (sEMG) activity in asymptomatic young adults is related to symmetry of occlusal contacts. Material. The study population consisted of seventy-two 18-year-old subjects with no temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms. Method. All the participants underwent an sEMG recording with an 8-channel electromyograph (BioEMG III). A T-Scan III evolution 7.01 device was used to analyze the occlusal contact points. Results. The correlation between the activity of right (R) and left (L) TA and the percentage of occlusal contacts was assessed, but no significant differences were found between the RMM and LMM muscles. The differences in the medium values of sEMG between males and females were not statistically significant. Equilibrated muscular activity between RTA and LTA occurred when occlusal contacts reached the percentage of 65% on the left side. Conclusion. The symmetry of sEMG activity in asymptomatic young adults is not related to symmetry of occlusal contacts.

Dentinogenesis imperfecta type II: Ultrastructure of teeth in sagittal sections

The morphological abnormalities of the teeth of patients affected by dentinogenesis imperfecta type 2 (DI-II) may underlie the difficulties with the clinical restoration of such teeth. We therefore performed a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of four permanent first mandibular molars of four DI-II patients with periapical pathosis. The teeth were prepared for SEM evaluation by standard methods. In the crown, the enamel presented a highly irregular surface with a number of cracks and crevices. In some places, only granular remains of the enamel were found, while in other parts of the crown, the enamel was absent. SEM examination revealed the structural changes responsible for the lower enamels hardness and resistance to attrition, and for tooth wear, while the structural changes in the dentin may explain the failure of some adhesive restorative materials. This SEM study thus revealed structural defects which underlie the problems of attrition and restoration loss found in patients with this genetic dental condition.

Mycological Analysis of the Oral Cavity of Patients Using Acrylic Removable Dentures

Background. The problems of fungal infections in edentulous have been discussed in literature. Findings show that oral mycosis has an influence on the mycosis of oesophageal mucosa. Based on this we started to follow from 2007 in patients who wear dentures mycological examination, to evaluate changes of yeasts numbers, the sensitivity to antibiotics and determine the impact of types of prosthesis, time of using, gender and age of patients. 1230 patients who were wearing dentures participated in the retrospective study. The material for mycological examination was sampled as a smear from the palate. After the mycological identification of Candida species and assessment of growth, the susceptibility testing with Fluconazole and Nystatin was made. The number of 23 Candida species was diagnosed microbiologically in five years. C. albicans and C. glabrata were increasing in number—from 33,7% to 46,9% and 6,7% to 14,0%, respectively. There was a significant statistical difference between yeasts growth and gender (P = 0, 017 < 0.05). The conclusion is that a large percentage of persons wearing removable denture has been affected by Candida species and that could lead to the mycosis of farther gastrointestinal tract sections. The mycological examination before treatment, especially in patients using acrylic denture, appears to be necessary.

Correlation between age and gender in Candida species infections of complete denture wearers: a retrospective analysis

Aim Denture-related stomatitis is a disorder that often affects denture wearers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intensity, genera, and frequency of yeasts in the oral cavity of complete denture wearers in terms of subject gender and age. Materials and methods Nine hundred twenty patients (307 males and 613 females) with complete upper dentures were selected for the study and divided into four age groups: ≤50 years, 51–60, 61–70, and >70 years. Yeast samples were taken as a smear from the palate. The data were collected from January 15, 2007 to January 15, 2012. Results The distribution of the number of yeast colonies by gender was statistically significant (P=0.02). Across all subjects, there was a statistically significant relationship between the intensity of yeast growth and the gender (P=0.01). In every age group, the number of infection-free individuals was greater among males than females. Intermediate, intense, and abundant growth of yeast occurred most frequently in the youngest group of females. Conclusion The genera of Candida species and the frequency of yeast infection in denture wearers appear to be influenced by both age and gender. The complete denture wearers ≤50 years of age appeared to have the greatest proclivity to oral Candida infections.

Denture-Related Stomatitis Is Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction

Oral inflammation, such as periodontitis, can lead to endothelial dysfunction, accelerated atherosclerosis, and vascular dysfunction. The relationship between vascular dysfunction and other common forms of oral infections such as denture-related stomatitis (DRS) is unknown. Similar risk factors predispose to both conditions including smoking, diabetes, age, and obesity. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate endothelial function and major vascular disease risk factors in 44 consecutive patients with dentures with clinical and microbiological features of DRS (n = 20) and without DRS (n = 24). While there was a tendency for higher occurrence of diabetes and smoking, groups did not differ significantly in respect to major vascular disease risk factors. Groups did not differ in main ambulatory blood pressure, total cholesterol, or even CRP. Importantly, flow mediated dilatation (FMD) was significantly lower in DRS than in non-DRS subjects, while nitroglycerin induced vasorelaxation (NMD) or intima-media thickness (IMT) was similar. Interestingly, while triglyceride levels were normal in both groups, they were higher in DRS subjects, although they did not correlate with either FMD or NMD. Conclusions. Denture related stomatitis is associated with endothelial dysfunction in elderly patients with dentures. This is in part related to the fact that diabetes and smoking increase risk of both DRS and cardiovascular disease.

Frequency of temporomandibular disorders diagnoses based on RDC/TMD in a Polish patient population

Abstract Objective: To assess the frequency and age distribution of Axis I and Axis II diagnoses among Polish patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Method: One hundred sixty-three (n = 163) consecutive adult patients seeking TMD treatment were assessed based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) guidelines. Descriptive statistics on the frequency of diagnoses and mean age of the diagnostic groups was performed. Result: Frequency of muscle disorders, disc displacements, and other joint disorders was 56.9, 48.9, and 31%, respectively. Disc displacement was the most common diagnosis in younger patients. Severe somatization and depression were shown in 11.9 and 15.8% of patients, respectively. Only 10.5% of the patients showed severe pain-related impairment. Females tended to have higher psychosocial scores than males. Discussion: The frequency of Axis I TMD diagnoses in Polish patients is similar to other populations, whereas Axis II findings slightly differ from previous reports from other countries.

Relationship between occlusion and dental attrition in a group of young Polish adults

Aim of the study. To identify dental attrition in a group of young adults selected irrespective of occlusion. Classification of dental attrition was proposed and used to relate attrition to the type of occlusion observed simultaneously considering the subjective indication for orthodontic treatment as estimated by the evidence-based method derived by the Danish Ministry of Health. Materials and methods. The study material consisted of 250 plaster casts (69 males, and 181 females, average age 18y 9m, max 20y 9m, min 16y 10m), included in the study irrespective of the type of occlusion they exhibited. All models were examined by one author (K.G.) recording molar and canine relationship, Angle’s classification, maximum overjet and overbite, cingulum contact, midline shift, cross bite, scissors bite and open bite. Attrition was recorded using a classification assessing six tooth groups (maxillary/mandibular incisors, maxillary/mandibular canines, maxillary/mandibular buccal teeth) and three surfaces (incisal or occlusal, facial or buccal, palatal or lingual). A score system was developed and the tooth in each group seen to be most worn was selected to represent the segment. Results. 129 individuals (51.6%) manifested dental attrition (38 males, 91

Relation between Headache and Mastication Muscle Tone in Adolescents

Headache is a common problem in the population, which decreases the quality of life and makes everyday functioning difficult. It often coexists with typical symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. The objective of the study was to clarify whether there is a relationship between the presence of headache in young volunteers and the mastication muscle tone. Material and Method. Volunteers aged 18 years who underwent general dental examination, clinical evaluation, and examination using the dual-axis diagnostic system Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) form in the Polish language version participated in the study. On the basis of the examination results, these individuals were divided into three groups according to RDC results. A group of healthy individuals (axis I value 0), a group of sick individuals (axis I diagnosis Ia, IIa, or IIIa), and a group of individuals suffering from depression (axis II values 1–3) were singled out. Then, volunteers were divided into two groups: group I reporting headache and group II without any pain. In each of these individuals, the contractile activity of the masseter muscles and anterior temporal muscles was recorded bilaterally as the surface electromyographic activity (sEMG) at rest, during swallowing, and maximum clenching. The activity index ranging between +100 (activity of the masseter muscles only) and −100 (activity of the anterior temporal muscles only) was used to indicate the predominance of activity of the study muscles. Results. The statistical analysis of data showed that there was a significant relationship between the presence of headache and a change in the mastication muscle tone, expressed as the predominant activity of the temporal muscles, only in the group of sick individuals during maximum clenching. Summary. The diversity of sEMG results implies that a change in the mastication muscle tone is not a direct consequence of headache, but it has to be modified by other factors.

Condylar guidance angles obtained from panoramic radiographic images: An evaluation of their reproducibility

Material and methods. One panoramic radiographic image was randomly chosen from a group of 191 images. The digital image was converted to analog and printed. The study involved 21 dentists, who positioned 4 dots on each side of the image (the orbitale and the porion, as well as the most superior and the most inferior points of the jaw’s articular surface). The points on each side were connected with 2 lines, A and B. To evaluate the accuracy of the lines, the equation of the straight lines was calculated and their slopes compared. The condylar guidance angle between the lines was calculated.

The evaluation of the effect of carbon dioxide laser radiation on dentine tissue

of this study was to analyze the effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser light on the structure and elemental composition of dentine. METHODS The evaluation was conducted on samples from extracted teeth. The surface of the dentine was exposed to the radiation from a CTL 1401 CO2 laser (Centre of Laser Technology, Poland). The radiation and frequency parameters were as follows: group I with 5 W and 1 Hz, group II with 10 W and 1 Hz, group III with 5 W and 5 Hz, and group IV with 10 W and 5 Hz. The altered dentine structure was macroscopically and microscopically evaluated using a Nova NanoSEM 200 Scanning Electron Microscope (FEI Europe) with integrated microanalysis X-ray system for elemental analysis in points. RESULTS There were significant differences between groups in the macro- and microstructure of laser defects. CONCLUSIONS CO2 laser radiation causes irreversible, destructive changes in dentine. The structural dentine lesions developed under the influence of the CO2 laser radiation may hinder proper adhesion of bonding systems with the damaged tissue. Laser defects in the structure should be treated like defects of noncarious origin requiring preparation and filling with composite materials in accordance with the procedures.