Jonas Capelli

Mandibular growth and third molar impaction in extraction cases.

The position of mandibular third molars was studied in 60 patients from the pedodontic and orthodontic departments at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. All individuals received orthodontic treatment with an edgewise appliance following the extraction of first premolars. Examination of superimposed pretreatment and posttreatment cephalometric radiographs led to the observation that mandibular growth is directly related to the positioning of mandibular third molars. Third molar impactions were more likely to occur in cases with a predominance of vertical growth. The larger ascending ramus, the diminution in total length of the mandible and the larger mesial inclination of the crowns also seem to be indicative of third molar impaction.

The monitoring of gingival crevicular fluid volume during orthodontic treatment: a longitudinal randomized split-mouth study

UNLABELLED This randomized split-mouth study was aimed at evaluating whether an orthodontic appliance per se or orthodontic tooth movement can induce detectable changes in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume, and thus whether GCF volume is a predictable biomarker for tissue remodelling incident to orthodontic tooth movement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen healthy orthodontic patients (7 females and 9 males; mean age, 17.7 years; range, 13-27 years) with the need for extraction of the first upper premolars were enrolled. One randomly chosen maxillary canine was subjected to a distalizing force by a 0.017 × 0.025 inch titanium-molybdenum alloy archwire and considered as the test tooth (TT). The contralateral canine, which was not subjected to any force but was included in an orthodontic appliance, was used as a control (CT). GCF sampling was performed at both mesial and distal sites of the CTs and TTs at baseline, immediately before applying the orthodontic appliance, and after 1 hour, 24 hours, and 7, 14, and 21 days. A Periotron was used to measure the GCF volume. A modest but significant increase in the GCF volume over time was seen in both the CTs (mesial sites) and the TTs (both mesial and distal sites) with no differences between the experimental teeth. Subclinical tissue inflammation consequent to the placement of the orthodontic appliance might be responsible for these GCF volume changes. The GCF volume does not appear to be a reliable biomarker for tissue remodelling during orthodontic treatment.

Alteração no volume do fluido gengival durante a retração de caninos superiores

INTRODUCAO: na analise da teoria da pressao/tensao do movimento dentario, a aplicacao de uma forca ortodontica causa um deslocamento gradual dos fluidos do ligamento periodontal, acompanhado pela distorcao das celulas e da matriz extracelular. OBJETIVOS: avaliar a quantidade de volume do fluido gengival (FG) nas faces mesiais e distais dos caninos superiores, de 14 pacientes (3 homens e 11 mulheres) submetidos a movimentacao ortodontica. METODOS: o fluido foi coletado com tira de papel absorvente padrao (Periopaper®) e seu volume foi determinado por meio da utilizacao do medidor Periotron®, em sete tempos distintos (dia -7, dia 0, 1 hora, 24 horas, 14 dias, 21 dias e 80 dias). O teste Friedman foi usado para comparar os dados obtidos (p < 0,01 e p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: os resultados mostraram que houve uma alteracao significativa do volume de FG ao longo do tempo, tanto no lado de pressao (p < 0,001) quanto no lado de tensao (p < 0,01). No lado de pressao, o volume de FG foi significativamente menor nos tempos 0 (p < 0,01) e 24h (p < 0,001), comparados com o tempo 80d.

Simulação computadorizada do perfil facial em cirurgia ortognática: precisão cefalométrica e avaliação por ortodontistas

AIM: To verify the accuracy of a video imaging software on the soft tissue profile prediction of patients who underwent different types of orthognathic surgery. METHODS: Presurgical and posttreatment lateral cephalograms and photographs of 32 patients were used. Profile predictions were obtained from hard tissue manipulation on the presurgical tracings. Prediction evaluation was applied to the total sample and to subgroups with maxillary impaction or downgraft (V) or without surgeries in the vertical plane (AP). Points of predictions soft tissue line were compared with those of the posttreatment tracing. Prediction and posttreatment profile images were subjectively compared by 20 orthodontists. Five regions (overall profile, nose, upper lip, lower lip and chin) were graded from 0 to 100 with a visual analog scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Soft-tissue profile points showed location variability, with more than 60% of the errors up to 2mm and 17% greater than 3mm. Statistically significant differences in the cephalometric analysis were more frequently observed on the vertical plane. Nasolabial and mentolabial prediction angles were more acute than those of the posttreatment tracings. The aesthetic analysis showed greater mean values in comparison with other studies, varying from 56.00 for the lower lip to 75.42 for the nose. Prediction images precision showed no significant difference between cases with or without vertical changes. This program can be considered useful in orthodontic and surgical clinical practice. However, based on some observed limitations, the authors recommend caution in treatment planning and case presentation, and some predictions may require improvement with enhancement tools.

Análise da discrepância de tamanho dentário em pacientes da clínica de ortodontia da FO/UERJ

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tooth size discrepancies in patients of Rio de Janeiro State University Orthodontic Clinic. The sample was composed of 161 patients, which fulfilled the including criteria. Mesiodistal width of all permanent teeth were measured, from first left molar to first right molar, in both arches. The Boltons discrepancy ratio was calculated for each set of models. The means for overall and anterior ratios were obtained for the whole sample, also evaluating differences between sexes and malocclusion (Angles Class I, Class II and Class III). The values found were compared to Boltons means. The overall and anterior ratios demonstrated no significant differences between sexes. No significant differences were found among the means obtained for each malocclusion group. These results suggested no influence of malocclusion status in the intermaxillary tooth size ratios of the studied sample. However, when comparing the samples means to the one proposed in Boltons analysis, it was found that they were greater for the whole sample, for both sexes and for Class I and Class II patients, indicating the tooth size discrepancies could occur more frequently in malocclusion groups than in patients with normal occlusion. The overall and anterior ratio found for malocclusion group of Class III did not demonstrate significant differences when compared to Boltons means.

Levels of gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinases in periodontally compromised teeth under orthodontic forces

OBJECTIVE To examine levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1, -2, -3, -7, -8, -12, and -13 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontally compromised teeth at different time points during orthodontic movement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten controlled periodontitis subjects were submitted to orthodontic treatment. One dental arch was subjected to orthodontic movement, and teeth in the opposite arch were used as controls. GCF samples were collected from the lingual sites of two movement and two control incisors 1 week before orthodontic activation (-7 d), immediately after orthodontic activation, and after 1 hour, 24 hours, and 7, 14, and 21 days. Multiplexed bead immunoassay was used to measure MMPs in GCF. Data were analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon statistical tests. RESULTS The only significant change found over time was in the levels of MMP-1 in the movement group (P < .05). When the two groups were compared after activation, the only statistically significant difference found was in levels of MMP-12 24 hours after activation (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that the orthodontic movement of periodontally compromised teeth without active pockets did not result in significant changes in the GCF levels of MMPs.

Orthodontic and surgical treatment of a patient with hemifacial microsomia

This article describes the surgical and orthodontic treatment of a 12-year-old boy with a significant deformity and functional involvement caused by hemifacial microsomia. The left mandibular ramus and condyle were hypoplastic and abnormal in form and location. The lower third of the face was increased, with mandibular retrusion and significant facial asymmetry. He had difficulties in speaking and chewing and problems related to his facial appearance, which caused severe psychosocial disturbances. The patient received orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular joint reconstruction with a costochondral graft on the left side while he was still growing. Three-year follow-up records are presented.

The Gingival Crevicular Fluid as a Source of Biomarkers to Enhance Efficiency of Orthodontic and Functional Treatment of Growing Patients

Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a biological exudate and quantification of its constituents is a current method to identify specific biomarkers with reasonable sensitivity for several biological events. Studies are being performed to evaluate whether the GCF biomarkers in growing subjects reflect both the stages of individual skeletal maturation and the local tissue remodeling triggered by orthodontic force. Present evidence is still little regarding whether and which GCF biomarkers are correlated with the growth phase (mainly pubertal growth spurt), while huge investigations have been reported on several GCF biomarkers (for inflammation, tissue damage, bone deposition and resorption, and other biological processes) in relation to the orthodontic tooth movement. In spite of these investigations, the clinical applicability of the method is still limited with further data needed to reach a full diagnostic utility of specific GCF biomarkers in orthodontics. Future studies are warranted to elucidate the role of main GCF biomarkers and how they can be used to enhance functional treatment, optimize orthodontic force intensity, or prevent major tissue damage consequent to orthodontic treatment.

Incisor display during speech and smile: Age and gender correlations

OBJECTIVES To evaluate age- and gender-related changes in the soft tissues, incisors, and gingival display during rest, speech, and posed smile. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 265 participants (122 men, 143 women) ranging in age from 19 years to 60 years were recruited for this study. Participants were divided into one of the following four age groups: 19 to 24 years, 25 to 34 years, 35 to 44 years, and 45 to 60 years. Image capture was performed using standardized videographic methods. Each video produced pictures where measurements were performed: rest, speech, and smile positions. RESULTS A statistically significant gender dimorphism was apparent in most of the variables. There was a significant increase in the upper lip length and lip commissures height with aging and more markedly in men. A greater exposure of mandibular incisor with increasing age was a feature in both genders. With increasing age there was a significant decrease in maxillary incisor display, especially for men. CONCLUSIONS After 25 years of age there is significant difference in the aging process between men and women. Gingival and maxillary incisor display during speech and smile is a youthful and feminine characteristic.

Effect of orthodontic force on expression levels of ten cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid

Various types of inflammatory mediators are involved in the cascade of biological events behind tissue remodeling allowing orthodontic tooth movement. This split-mouth longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of ten cytokines, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1β and TNF-α, during initial orthodontic treatment. The sample comprised 15 healthy patients (9 males and 6 females, 13.9±2.5 years). The lower (test) incisors were moved using fixed appliance carrying a 0.014-inch nickel titanium wire, whereas the upper (control) incisors were bonded without any force. The GCF was collected from the test and control teeth before fixed appliance mounting (baseline) and after 1, 7 and 21days. In 6 sites per tooth, from canine to canine, periodontal conditions were defined as the percentage of sites with visible plaque and bleeding on probing. The total GCF cytokines levels were quantified using multianalysis Luminex technology. Throughout the experimental term, and for both test and control teeth, the mean percentage of sites with visible plaque and bleeding on probing were generally below 25% and 15%, respectively, although variability was also seen. In the test teeth, the GCF levels of all the cytokines remained constant throughout the experimental term. On the contrary, significant reductions were seen in the control teeth for each cytokine. Moreover, significantly greater levels of IL-6, GM-CSF, MCP-1 and TNFα were seen in the test teeth as compared to the control teeth at 7days. The reasons for the differential behavior in the levels of all the investigated cytokines between the test and control teeth may be related to the presence of orthodontic forces and/or subclinical tissue inflammation. Further investigation is needed to elucidate potential roles for these biomarkers in the tissue remodeling incident to orthodontic tooth movement.