Jonas Capelli Júnior

Matrix metalloproteinases and chemokines in the gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and monocyte chemoattractants are key modulators of the biological mechanisms triggered in the periodontium by mechanical forces. The gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) provides a non-invasive method to assess longitudinally the release of inflammatory mediators during orthodontic tooth movement. The goal of this study was to examine the GCF levels of MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 and of the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and regulated on activation normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) at different time points during orthodontic tooth movement. Fourteen subjects (three males and 11 females, 18.8 ± 4.8 years of age; range from 12 to 28 years) had their maxillary canines retracted. Thirty-second GCF samples were collected from the tension and pressure sides 7 days prior to the activation of the orthodontic appliance, on the day of activation, and after 1 and 24 hours, and 14, 21, and 80 days of constant force application. The volume of GCF was measured and samples analysed using a multiplexed bead immunoassay for the content of the six target molecules. Differences in the mean GFC volumes and mean level for each analyte over time were assessed using the Friedman test, and differences between the tension and pressure sides at each time point with the Mann-Whitney test. The mean levels of the three MMPs changed significantly over time but only at the compression side (P < 0.05, Friedman test). The GCF levels of the three chemokines were not affected by the application of mechanical stress. The levels of MMPs in GCF at the pressure side are modulated by the application of orthodontic force.

Alterações da articulação temporomandibular e suas repercussões orofaciais em pacientes portadores de artrite idiopática juvenil

Patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) can have alterations in bone metabolism and skeletal growth, as well as damage to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which can generate extra and/or intraoral alterations, resulting in craniofacial disorders. Our goal is to carry out a review of the literature on orofacial alterations in patients with JIA. Among the orofacial disorders in patients with JIA, alterations in mandibular growth, caused by dysfunctions in the TMJ region, seem highly prevalent in these patients. The most often found alterations are: retrognathia, micrognathia, anterior open bite, dental crowding, facial asymmetry and mouth opening limitation. Thus, the rheumatologist becomes a key agent in the early detection of these disorders, helping with patient referral to a dentist. The diagnosis, in turn, should be performed by the orthodontist, using clinical examination and imaging methods, allowing early treatment and a favorable prognosis. TMJ disorders should be treated by a multidisciplinary team, including pharmacological treatment for pain control and dental care through functional appliance and/or orthodontic therapy, physical therapy and sometimes, speech therapy. We conclude that among the orofacial disorders in patients with JIA, alterations in mandibular growth generated by dysfunctions in the TMJ region seem highly prevalent. Such dysfunctions can cause mainly open bite, mandibular retrusion, micrognathia, dental crowding and facial asymmetry. The rheumatologist can detect these alterations at an early stage, with immediate patient referral to a team that should preferably be a multidisciplinary one, consisting of an orthodontist, physical therapist and speech therapist, to reduce future occlusal and mandibular growth complications.

Matrix metalloproteinases -1, -2, -3, -7, -8, -12, and -13 in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement: a longitudinal randomized split-mouth study

This randomized split-mouth study aimed to examine the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -1, -2, -3, -7, -8, -12, and -13 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) at different time points during orthodontic tooth movement. A total of 16 healthy orthodontic subjects (7 females, 9 males; mean age, 17.7 years) who needed their first upper premolars extracted were enrolled. One randomly chosen maxillary canine was subjected to a distalizing force and was considered to be the test side. The contralateral canine, which was not subjected to any force but was included in the orthodontic appliance, was used as a control side. GCF sampling was performed at both the mesial (tension) and distal (pressure) test and control sites at baseline, immediately before applying the orthodontic appliance, and after 1 and 24 hours and 7, 14, and 21 days. A multiplexed bead immunoassay was used to analyse the GCF samples. The mean levels of the MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -8, -12, and -13 were not significantly different between the test and control groups in each time showed. The comparisons between the tension and pressure sites were also not significantly different at each individual time. A few variations focused on MMP-1 and -3, but the expression of MMP-8 was higher than that of the other MMPs. MMPs are released in sufficient quantities such that tooth movement occurs but with no significant increase in GCF levels.

Percepção das alterações no plano gengival na estética do sorriso

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated how 80 dental professionals and 80 lay persons, patients from private practice offices and from the School of Dentistry, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), perceived the presence of changes in the gingival plane. METHODS: A photograph of a smiling young woman was digitally modified to produce symmetrical changes in the gingival height of the central incisors and lateral incisors, thereby causing the gingival plane to ascend progressively. Individuals were asked to choose the most pleasant looking picture and thereafter the interviewer questioned each individual to find out if they knew what was being changed in the sequence of pictures, i.e., whether or not they were able to identify changes in the gingival plane. RESULTS: The results showed a significant prevalence in the selection of a harmonious gingival plane in the group of dentists and patients (p<0.001, p<0.05, respectively). Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the specialties comprised in the group of dentists (p = 0.538), which was the case in the lay group (p = 0.05), showing a greater perception on the part of the group of dental office patients. Identification of changes in the gingival plane was significant in the group of dentists (p<0.001) without significant differences between group specialties. Neither was it significant in the lay group (p = 0.100). The results also highlight a significantly higher ability to identify problems in the group of dentists compared to the lay group (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: It was therefore concluded that symmetrical changes greater than 2 mm can be perceived by both dentists and lay people. Moreover, no differences were found in this perception among the dental specialties. Finally, the group of dental office patients was significantly more perceptive than UFES patients.

Different strategies used in the retention phase of orthodontic treatment

OBJETIVO: identificar as condutas clinicas mais utilizadas, considerando-se as seguintes variaveis: 1) aparelhos utilizados; 2) periodo de utilizacao; 3) protocolo de utilizacao, em horas diarias, e sua evolucao com o passar dos meses; 4) percentual de pacientes controlados 1 ano pos-tratamento; e 5) as recidivas mais frequentemente observadas. METODOS: utilizou-se um questionario distribuido para todos os cursos de Especializacao em Ortodontia cadastrados no CFO ate outubro de 2005. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSAO: foram obtidos 91 questionarios validos. Para a analise dos dados, utilizou-se estatistica descritiva e os testes qui-quadrado para tendencia linear e qui-quadrado para tendencia linear multivariado. Concluiu-se que: 1) na arcada superior, os aparelhos mais utilizados foram o aparelho de Hawley, o wraparound e a placa de acetato; ja na inferior, barra de fio multifilamentado, barra de aco sem colagem em incisivos e barra com colagem nos incisivos; 2) indicou-se sua utilizacao por mais de 24 meses para a arcada superior, com uma tendencia de menor utilizacao nessa arcada do que na inferior; 3) o protocolo de utilizacao na arcada superior inicia-se com 24 horas/dia, reduzindo-se apos o segundo ano; para a arcada inferior, o protocolo em horas/dia foi estavel; 4) apos um ano de contencao, foram reexaminados mais de 50% dos casos tratados; 5) as recidivas mais comuns foram apinhamento inferior, giroversoes e reabertura de diastemas.

Orthosurgical treatment of patients in the growth period: at what cost?

Awaiting growth to end prior to starting orthosurgical treatment is sometimes extremely difficult for patients suffering from severe facial deformities. In cases of substantial skeletal disharmonies surgery may be indicated during active growth phase when the patient is psychosocially, aesthetically and/or functionally compromised. To indicate this therapy, orthodontic criteria, such as mild intramaxillary discrepancy and the possibility of preoperative preparation without major dental repositioning, must be met. A second orthosurgical treatment will probably prove necessary after growth has ended. This treatment should not be considered as routine, but rather as a therapeutic option in carefully selected cases.

Intervenção ortocirúrgica em paciente adolescente com acentuada displasia esquelética de Classe III

INTRODUCTION: Class III malocclusion is characterized by an anterior-posterior skeletal discrepancy that may or may not be combined with vertical alterations, but it commonly presents transverse disharmony associated. The facial aspect is affected in these patients, which is one of the factors that motivate them to look for orthodontic treatment. For young patients (8 to 10 years old), an earlier treatment is indicated. In adult patients, when growth has already finished, the options of treatment usually are orthodontic camouflage or ortho/surgery traditional treatment. The question is how to treat adolescents patients with severe skeletal Class III discrepancies, when an interceptative procedure has no indication and facial modifications are very significant. They are still growing and there is, in some cases, psicosocial and functional implications. OBJECTIVE: To consider an early surgical approach as alternative treatment for these patients; even if a second surgery is needed when growth is completed. Discussion: To indicate this therapy, some factors should be observed: small dentoalveolar discrepancies and rapid pre-surgical preparation. CONCLUSION: The patient must be informed of the possibility of another surgery at the end of the growth. This strategy of treatment should not be used as routine.

Avaliação da superfície da porcelana após a descolagem de braquetes ortodônticos

OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influencia do tempo de condicionamento acido em superficie de porcelana e o estado desta apos a descolagem de braquetes ortodonticos. METODOLOGIA: foram utilizadas 20 amostras de porcelana feldspatica para esmalte (Duceram-LFC) divididas em 2 grupos de acordo com o tempo de condicionamento com acido fluoridico 10% (15 segundos e 1 minuto). Apos o ataque acido, foi aplicado silano (3M Scotchbond), adesivo resinoso (Optibond Solo Plus) e resina (Fill Magic) nestas superficies. A descolagem foi realizada atraves de forca de cisalhamento numa maquina universal de ensaios (DL 500 - EMIC) calibrada com velocidade fixa de 0,5mm/minuto. O indice do adesivo remanescente (ARI) nas superficies cerâmicas e o estado destas apos a remocao dos braquetes foram avaliados atraves de fotos digitais. RESULTADOS: no grupo 15 segundos, a forca de adesao media foi de 3,63MPa, significantemente inferior a do grupo 1 minuto, que foi de 7,18MPa (p<0,0001). Todos os modos de fratura durante a descolagem foram coesivos dentro da camada de resina composta (70%) ou adesivos entre o braquete e a resina (30%). Com relacao a analise do ARI, o teste do Qui-quadrado nao revelou diferenca estatisticamente significante entre os grupos. CONCLUSAO: o condicionamento com acido fluoridrico a 10% por 1 minuto, seguido da aplicacao de silano, adesivo e resina foi considerado o melhor metodo de preparo da porcelana previamente a colagem ortodontica.

Three-dimensional evaluation of mandibular anterior dental crowding in digital dental casts

ABSTRACT Introduction: Digital dental models provide a more accurate and comprehensive assessment of orthodontic cases. Although this technique is quite promising, there are few three-dimensional measurements methods described in the literature. Objective: The aim of this study was to propose a method for assessing the degree of mandibular anterior dental crowding in the three planes of space, using digital dental models. Methods: Thirty dental casts were selected and scanned by Maestro 3D Dental Scanner and imported by Geomagic Qualify 2013 software. The degree of crowding was calculated by two examiners, based on the Little’s Irregularity Index, by means of the definition of axial, coronal and sagittal planes for each model. Intraexaminer analysis was performed with Dahlberg’s Formula (DF) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), and interexaminer analysis was performed with ICC and paired t-test. Results: The ICC showed an excellent agreement (p < 0.05) for all measurements, except for the intraexaminer and interexaminer in the Z-axis, in which it was found a moderate agreement. The DF showed a satisfactory accuracy with all measurements showing less than 1 mm difference. The paired t-test showed statistical difference between the examiners in two measurements, although it was clinical irrelevant. Conclusion: When comparing the three planes of space, the Z-axis showed the greatest variation in landmarks placement; however, overall, the present method seems precise and reproducible.

Frequency of orthodontic extraction

Introduction: The option of dental extraction for orthodontic purposes has been debated for more than 100 years, including periods when it was widely used in treatment, including the present, during which other methods are used to avoid dental extractions. The objective was to analyze the frequency of tooth extraction treatment performed between 1980 and 2011 at the Orthodontic Clinic of Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). Material and Methods: The clinical records of 1484 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were evaluated. The frequency of extractions was evaluated with regard to sex, Angles classification, the different combinations of extractions and the period when orthodontic treatment began. Chi-square test was used to determine correlations between variables, while the chi-square test for trends was used to assess the frequency of extractions over the years. Results: There was a reduction of approximately 20% in the frequency of cases treated with tooth extraction over the last 32 years. The most frequently extracted teeth were first premolars. Patients with Class I malocclusion showed fewer extractions, while Class II patients underwent a higher number of extraction treatment. There were no statistically significant differences with regard to sex. Conclusion: New features introduced into the orthodontic clinic and new esthetic concepts contributed to reducing the number of cases treated with dental extractions. However, dental extractions for orthodontic purposes are still well indicated in certain cases.