Jong Hak Lee

PPARδ inhibits IL-1β-stimulated proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via up-regulation of IL-1Ra

Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ by GW501516, a specific PPARδ ligand, significantly inhibited interleukin (IL)-1β-induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). This effect of GW501516 was dependent on transforming growth factor-β, and was mediated through the up-regulation of IL-1 receptor antagonist. The inhibitory effect of GW501516 on VSMC proliferation was associated with cell cycle arrest at the G1 to S phase transition, which was accompanied by the induction of p21 and p53 along with decreased cyclin-dependent kinase 4 expression. Inhibition of cell migration by GW501516 was associated with the down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in IL-1β-treated VSMCs. Inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase significantly reduced the GW501516-mediated inhibition of IL-1β-stimulated VSMC proliferation. These results suggest that PPARδ plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diseases associated with the proliferation and migration of VSMCs.

DHA and EPA Down-regulate COX-2 Expression through Suppression of NF-κB Activity in LPS-treated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Inflammatory processes of vascular endothelial cells play a key role in the development ofatherosclerosis. We determined the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on LPS-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to evaluate their cardioprotective potential. Cells were pretreated with DHA, EPA, or troglitazone prior to activation with LPS. Expression of COX-2, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and IL-6 production, and NF-kappaB activity were measured by Western blot, ELISA, and luciferase activity, respectively. Results showed that EPA, DHA, or troglitazone significantly reduced COX-2 expression, NF-kappaB luciferase activity, and PGE(2) and IL-6 production in a dose-dependent fashion. Interestingly, low doses (10 microM) of DHA and EPA, but not troglitozone, significantly increased the activity of NF-kappaB in resting HUVECs. Our study suggests that while DHA, EPA, and troglitazone may be protective on HUVECs under inflammatory conditions in a dose-dependent manner. However there may be some negative effects when the concentrations are abnormally low, even in normal endothelium.

Failure of uterine artery embolization for controlling postpartum hemorrhage

Aim:  We evaluated the efficacy of uterine artery embolization (UAE) for controlling postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).

Hydronephrosis Secondary to Congenital Pelvic Arteriovenous Malformation: A Case Report

We report on a 26-year-old woman with a pelvic mass that caused ureteral obstruction and a hydronephrotic kidney. Diagnosis was congenital pelvic arteriovenous malformation and surgery was successful. The patient underwent staged preoperative intra-arterial embolization to decrease operative morbidity and facilitate complete removal.

Torsion of a parasitic myoma that developed after abdominal myomectomy

Iatrogenic parasitic myomas are rare. The condition is defined by the presence of multiple smooth-muscle tumorous nodules in the peritoneal cavity. This may be attributable to seeding of myoma particles during uterine surgery. The clinical course is usually indolent. The disease is often asymptomatic and is usually discovered only incidentally. A 38-year-old woman who had undergone abdominal myomectomy 7 months prior presented with acute abdominal pain and a huge pelvic mass. We performed exploratory laparotomy. A parasitic mass 17 cm in diameter with a twisted omental pedicle was identified. En bloc excision of the mass and omentum was performed, followed by total abdominal hysterectomy. Histopathological examination of multiple sections revealed features compatible with an infarcted leiomyoma. Thus, we present a very rare case of an iatrogenic, rapidly growing parasitic myoma complicated by omental torsion (which caused the acute abdominal pain). We also offer a literature review.

Pseudoexstrophy of the bladder diagnosed prenatally

Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, JinJu, Korea Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, JinJu, Korea Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, JinJu, Korea Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, JinJu, Korea *Correspondence to: Ji Kwon Park. E-mail: obgypjk@gnu.ac.kr

Molecular cytogenetic investigation of a balanced complex chromosomal rearrangement carrier ascertained through a neonate with partial trisomies of 13 and 22

Complex chromosomal rearrangement (CCR) is a structural abnormality of chromosomes that rarely appears in individuals with normal phenotypes. A CCR involving chromosomes 9, 13, and 22 was ascertained in a phenotypically normal woman through a neonate with multiple congenital malformations and partial trisomies of 13 and 22. We diagnosed the CCR using high‐resolution chromosome analysis and three‐color fluorescence in situ hybridization (three‐color FISH) analysis, and ascertained a balanced CCR without cryptic imbalances using array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) and FISH. In the present work, we report on the case together with a literature review.

Efficacy of array comparative genomic hybridization in a fetus with an inherited apparently balanced translocation: A case report.

When one parent is discovered to have the same apparently balanced genetic rearrangement as that identified at prenatal diagnosis, many couples are advised to seek a more precise prenatal diagnosis for reassurance. A 25‐year‐old translocation carrier, who carried a fetus with partial trisomy 3q and partial monosomy 9p with omphalocele in a previous pregnancy, showed the same apparently balanced translocation at chorionic villus sampling. A truly balanced translocation without cryptic imbalances for the fetus was detected using array comparative genomic hybridization. For cryptic unbalanced defects, in which an apparently balanced translocation has been transmitted from a normal parent to a child with a phenotypic abnormality, the use of array comparative genomic hybridization to assess the presence of cryptic aberrations in the fetus combines the speed of DNA analysis with a comprehensive scan for submicroscopic genomic abnormalities.

A CASE OF TERMINAL DELETION OF CHROMOSOME 10P

Chromosome 10p deletion (partial monosomy 10p) is rare chromosomal disorder. It was first reported in 1970. Since then, as far as we know, about 45 patients have been described. The main feature of this syndrome are craniofacial dysmorphism, congenital heart disease, vesicoureteral abnormalities, and developmental delay. We have experienced a prenatal case of Chromosome 10p terminal deletion by doing cytogenetic study due to high Down syndrome risk on quadruple test and cleft lip on prenatal ultrasonography. Conventional cytogenetic result from cord blood was 46,XY,del(10)(p13), molecular cytogenetic techniques using bacterial artifi cial chromosome array comparative genomic hybridization and fl uorescence in situ hybridization analysis result was 46,XY,del(10)(p14)(NEBL-). To our knowledge, this karyotype may be the first report in Korea. We present this case with brief review of literature.

Endometrial carcinoma in a patient having 45,X Turner syndrome with gonadal mosaicism

Only three cases of endometrial carcinoma in women with possibly pure 45,X Turner syndrome without previous unopposed estrogen therapy have been reported. A 46‐year‐old single nulligravid woman with Turner syndrome phenotype, spontaneous menstruation, and well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma of the endometrium was diagnosed as having the 45,X karyotype from peripheral blood, skin, buccal cells, and endometrium, which was confirmed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Analysis of the ovarian tissue using FISH confirmed 45,X/46,XX mosaicism. Gonadal mosaicism may help to interpret spontaneous menstruation and endometrial carcinoma in possibly pure 45,X Turner syndrome. We conclude that a molecular analysis of lymphocytes and various tissues is necessary for detecting low‐level mosaicism in apparently homogeneous 45,X women.