Jonnys Paz Castro

USO DE ESPÉCIES AMAZÔNICAS PARA ENVELHECIMENTO DE BEBIDAS DESTILADAS: ANÁLISES FÍSICA E QUÍMICA DA MADEIRA

The process of storing liquor in wooden barrels is a practice that aims to improve the sensory characteristics, such as color, aroma and flavor, of the beverage. The quality of the liquor stored in these barrels depends on wood characteristics such as density, permeability, chemical composition, anatomy, besides the wood heat treatment used to fabricate the barrels. Brazil has a great diversity of forests, mainly in the north, in the Amazon. This region is home to thousands of tree species, but is limited to the use of only a few native species to store liquors. The objective of this study was to determine some of the physical and chemical characteristics for four Amazon wood species. The results obtained in this study will be compared with others from woods that are traditionally used for liquor storage. The species studied were angelim-pedra (Hymenolobium petraeum Ducke) cumarurana (Dipteryx polyphylla (Huber) Ducke), jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril L.) and louro-vermelho (Nectandra rubra (Mez) CK Allen). The trees were collected from Precious Woods Amazon Company forest management area, in Silves, Amazonas. Analyzes such as: concentration of extractives, lignin amount, percentage of minerals (ash) and tannin content, density, elemental analysis (CHNS-O) and thermal analysis were done. It was observed that the chemical composition (lignin, holocellulose) and elemental analysis (percentage of C, H, N and O) of the woods have significant differences. The jatoba wood presented higher tannin content, and in the thermal analysis, was that which had the lowest mass loss.

EFFECT OF EXTRACTIVES AND CARBONIZATION TEMPERATURE ON ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF WOOD WASTE IN AMAZON RAINFOREST

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of extractives soluble in hot water, besides final carbonization temperatures, on the gravimetric yield and properties of charcoal for waste of three native forest species from the Amazon region. Waste cuttings of Ipé, Grapia and Maçaranduba species, from the machine processing for joinery of a company in the State of Pará, were used. Carbonization was carried out in an adapted electric furnace with a heating rate of 1.67°C min-1 and final temperatures of 500, 600 and 700°C. The waste was carbonized fresh after extraction in hot water to remove extractives. Gravimetric yields were analyzed, as well as chemical features and high heating value. In the evaluation of the experiment, arranged in a factorial scheme with three factors (species x temperature x material with and without extraction), and Principal Component Analysis used too. The presence of extractives (soluble in hot water) from wood waste had little influence on the gravimetric yield and immediate chemical composition of charcoal; however, it showed a greater high heating value and lower contents of hydrogen and nitrogen. The increase in the final carbonization temperature reduced the gravimetric yield in charcoal, the content of volatile materials and hydrogen, with a higher content of fixed carbon, carbon and high heating value. The treatments with the best energy characteristics were obtained from Ipé and Maçaranduba charcoals with extractives produced at 600°C, in addition to Ipê and Maçaranduba charcoals with and without extractives obtained at 700°C. EFEITO DOS EXTRATIVOS E TEMPERATURA DE CARBONIZAÇÃO NAS CARACTERÍSTICAS ENERGÉTICAS DE RESÍDUOS MADEIREIROS DA AMAZÔNIA RESUMO: O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito dos extrativos solúveis em água quente e temperatura final de carbonização no rendimento gravimétrico e propriedades do carvão vegetal em resíduos de três espécies florestais nativas, provenientes da região amazônica. Foram utilizados resíduos de aparas das espécies de ipê, garapa e maçaranduba, provenientes do processamento de usinagem da marcenaria de uma empresa do estado do Pará. As carbonizações foram realizadas em forno elétrico adaptado utilizando uma taxa de aquecimento de 1,67°C min-1 e temperaturas finais de 500, 600 e 700oC. Os resíduos foram carbonizados in natura e após extração em água quente para remoção dos extrativos. Foram analisados os rendimentos gravimétricos, as análises químicas e o poder calorífico superior. A presença de extrativos solúveis em água quente dos resíduos das madeiras pouco influenciaram no rendimento gravimétrico e na composição química imediata do carvão vegetal, contudo apresentou maior poder calorífico superior, menor teor de hidrogênio e nitrogênio. O aumento da temperatura final de carbonização reduziu o rendimento gravimétrico em carvão vegetal, o teor de materiais voláteis e de hidrogênio, havendo aumento do teor de carbono fixo, teor de carbono e poder calorífico superior. Os tratamentos com as melhores características energéticas foram os carvões de Ipê e Maçaranduba com extrativos produzidos a 600oC, além do carvão de Ipê e Maçaranduba com e sem extrativos obtidos a 700oC.