Jordana Georgin

Biosorption of cationic dyes by Pará chestnut husk (Bertholletia excelsa)

Pará chestnut husk (Bertholletia excelsa) (PCH), an agro-industrial waste largely generated in Brazil, was employed as a low-cost and efficient biosorbent to remove the cationic dyes Crystal Violet (CV) and Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous media. PCH presented an amorphous structure containing carboxylic acids, esters, ketones and aldehydes on the surface. Non-porous and irregular particles were also observed. For both dyes, the biosorption capacity was favored under acid conditions. Equilibrium was attained within 40 min at 25 °C with a PCH dosage of 0.5 g L-1. The biosorption kinetic curves were satisfactory explained by the pseudo-first-order model. The Freundlich model was best for representing the equilibrium curves. The maximum biosorption capacities were 83.6 and 83.8 mg g-1 for CV and MB, respectively. PCH was efficient for treating a simulated textile effluent containing several dyes and chemicals, achieving a color removal of 90%. In this way, PCH can be considered as an option for treating colored effluents containing textile dyes.

Potential of Araucaria angustifolia bark as adsorbent to remove gentian violet dye from aqueous effluents

Araucaria angustifolia bark (AA-bark), a waste generated in wood processing, was evaluated as a potential adsorbent to remove Gentian Violet (GV) dye from aqueous solutions. The AA-bark presented an amorphous structure with irregular surface and was composed mainly of lignin and holocellulose. These characteristics indicated that the adsorbent contains available sites to accommodate the dye molecules. The GV adsorption on AA-bark was favored at pH 8.0 with adsorbent dosage of 0.80 g L-1. Pseudo-nth order model was adequate to represent the adsorption kinetics of GV on AA-bark. A fast adsorption rate was verified, with the equilibrium being attained within 30 min. Equilibrium data were well represented by the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity was 305.3 mg g-1. Adsorption was spontaneous, favorable and endothermic. AA-bark was able to treat a simulated dye house effluent, reaching color removal values of 80%. An excellent performance was found in fixed bed experiments, where the length of the mass transfer zone was only 5.38 cm and the breakthrough time was 138.5 h. AA-bark can be regenerated two times using HNO3 0.5 mol L-1. AA-bark can be used as a low-cost material to treat colored effluents in batch and fixed bed adsorption systems.

AVALIAÇÃO DOS COMPONENTES DE RENDIMENTO DO TRIGO QUANDO SUBMETIDO A DIFERENTES FONTES DE NITROGÊNIO

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da aplicacao de diferentes fontes de nitrogenio nos estados de emborrachamento e espigamento nos componentes de rendimento e na produtividade da cultura do trigo (Triticum aestivum L., Quartzo – OR Sementes). O experimento foi realizado em Frederico Westphalen-RS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos completos ao acaso, com oito tratamentos e quatro repeticoes. Os tratamentos foram constituidos por combinacoes de diferentes fontes e formas de aplicacao de N que seguem: T1 – Testemunha (sem N na cobertura), T2 - Adubacao de base + ureia, T3 - Adubacao de base + nitrato de amonio, T4 - Adubacao de base + ureia + nitrogenio foliar, T5 - Adubacao de base + nitrato de amonio + nitrogenio foliar, T6 - Adubacao de base + nitrogenio foliar, T7 – Adubacao de base + ureia + nitrato de amonio e T8 – Adubacao de base + nitrato amonio + ureia. A aplicacao de nitrato de amonio associado com a suplementacao de N via foliar resultou em um acrescimo no rendimento de graos de 51,5% em relacao ao controle a testemunha. Demais componentes de rendimento tambem obtiveram medias com magnitudes significativas verificadas pelo teste de Duncan a 5% de probabilidade de erro.

FESTAS RURAIS: MÍDIA, DIMENSÃO FESTIVA E IMPACTO SOCIAL EM DUAS PEQUENAS COMUNIDADES DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar ambas as festividades rurais que ocorrem nos municipios de Sao Sepe e Caicara/RS, dando um enfoque nos meios midiaticos utilizados e a dimensao que estas festas trazem para as regioes. As festas da comunidade que se estabelecem nestes contextos revelam, por exemplo, uma modalidade de mutirao que permanece viva, evidenciando a organizacao da comunidade. A respeito da refeicao festiva e a qualidade da comida servida com capricho e de maneira farta, que exprimira a consideracao para com os convidados. A comida e um elemento que congrega, na medida em que a festa enseja o comer e o beber, apresentando-se, desse modo, o carater socializante da comida. Estas festas comunitarias envolvem periodos de preparacao anteriores, em que os membros das diretorias da comunidade reunem-se – desse processo fazem tambem parte os conjuges e muitas vezes as (os) filhas (os). A participacao na preparacao da festa nao se constitui em uma atividade remunerada, todos os produtores rurais trabalham gratuitamente, pela comunidade. Tendo como objetivo alcancar as metas da festa, seja como papel de divulgacao como e o caso dos dois eventos analisados, ou de lucro local somente.

A participação feminina na agricultura agroecológica: um estudo do caso na região norte do Rio Grande do Sul

No atual cenario, a agroecologia tem se mostrado como uma possibilidade significativa de renda para os agricultores rurais e de qualidade de consumo para as populacoes urbanas que desejam alimentos ecologicos. Comparando a porcentagem de pequenos agricultores que ainda permanecem no campo, e pequena a parcela que opta por esse tipo de producao. Diante deste cenario o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as mudancas que a agroecologia gerou no cenario da agricultura familiar, dando uma maior enfase a participacao da mulher nesta atividade. Com o auxilio da EMATER, foram realizadas visitas em propriedades localizadas nos municipios de Ronda Alta, Tres Palmeiras e Rondinha, obtendo relatos de como a agroecologia vem mudando a vida dessas mulheres no campo. Os resultados iniciais atenderam o objetivo principal da EMATER e demais entidades envolvidas, a qual trouxe uma estabilidade financeira para que o produtor se mante-se no campo. Como consequencia a participacao e a autonomia que o processo trouxe para as mulheres, ficaram eminentes, mediante a sua valorizacao, deixando de lado aquela visao de mulher somente do lar. Contudo as perspectivas futuras desta atividade na regiao sao pouco animadoras, visto que a parcela de jovens que pretendem dar continuidade as atividades e pequena.

Estudo comparativo de índices morfométricos relacionado com cheias nas bacias hidrográficas do Alto Jacuí e Vacacaí - Vacacaí Mirim – RS

Knowledge of morphometric characteristics of a watershed is essential to the development of plans aimed at understanding the processes in this medium. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the morphometric characterization of the river basins of the High Jacui and Vacacai, in Rio Grande do Sul State and relate to possible flooding occurrences. For this, from data SRTM images and shapefiles the river basins of the land morphometric parameters were calculated for the study of the hydrological behavior of the basin. The watershed of the Upper Jacui and Vacacai have elongated profile, compactness coefficient of 1.4 and 1:36, form factor of 0.3547 and 0.4344 and circularity index of 0.4977 and 0.5312, respectively, indicating that they are unlikely to flooding. The maximum altitude was found to be 773 m and 4 m minimum relief of the terrain showed lower slopes above 4%. The more elongated shape of the basin indicates that precipitation over it focuses on different points, contributing to minimize the influence of the intensity of rainfall, which could cause major changes in the flow of the stream.

INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) USING PHYTOHORMONE, ZINC AND INOCULANT SEED TREATMENT

We checked the effects on early development of wheat plants on the application of plant hormones (citicinina, gibberellin and auxin), inoculants (Azospirillum brasilense) and micronutrients (zinc) with the seed treatment, individually or associations between products. Two experiments were conducted: the first was held the germination test, noting the percentage of normal and abnormal seedlings, dead seeds and hard, and the length of the radicle, shoot and seedling length, the second experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using commercial substrate in plastic pots, observing the speed index of emergency, the shoot dry mass, dry mass of shoots and total dry mass of wheat plants 28 days after sowing. There was no significant difference between treatments for the variables related to germination. The treatments that were used with zinc showed better seedling length. All treatments behaved better than the witness to the accumulation of dry matter of shoot, except for the individual use of zinc, which behaved in an intermediate form. For the total dry mass all treatments proved better than the control, with emphasis on the uses of that fitihormonios presented with further development.

QUANTITATIVE FOREST INVENTORY IN PINUS ELLIOTTII IN THE MUNICIPALITY RONDA ALTA, RS

This study was conducted in a plantation of Pinus elliottii in the city of Ronda Alta, Northern Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul This was aimed at collecting data to generate subsidies for silvicultural interventions, aimed at increasing the quality and quantity forest productivity. To conduct the quantitative survey of Pinus were installed twelve sample plots of 625 m², distributed systematically in an area. In settlement of 6.7 hectares was achieved an average volume of 20.9626 m3. 0.0625 ago, and a relative error of 16.8% being above the predetermined error due to this great heterogeneity among sample plots.

MAINTENANCE OF GERMINATION POWER AND GENETIC VARIABILITY OF SEEDS OF WHEAT GROWING FRONTANA

The study aimed to evaluate the germination throughout the storage time, and estimate the maintenance of genetic variability after cycles of regenerations / multiplications access wheat. The study was conducted at EmbrapaTrigo, Passo Fundo, RS. The progress of the study occurred from seeds of wheat cultivar Frontana obtained six regenerations / multiplications performed and stored over the past 29 years in BAG-Wheat. Testing of seed germination and the analysis was carried out by molecular markers. Germination of seeds has remained at satisfactory levels for over 20 years. The process of regeneration / multiplication see keeping the genetic characteristics of access.

O ATUAL CONTEXTO DA PRODUÇÃO DE TRIGO NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

O presente trabalho traz uma abordagem da importância do trigo no estado do Rio Grande do Sul e demonstra a atual posicao e a producao da triticultura gaucha, e no Brasil. Com a reducao dos subsidios e a consolidacao do MERCOSUL, a situacao se agravou, a partir dai colocou-se em xeque o desenvolvimento da cultura de trigo no estado, bem como, no pais. Mas diante da capacidade produtiva existente em algumas safras, se ganha importância a ideia de que, diante de politicas de fomento, a triticultura pode ainda se manter no estado. Todavia, a elevacao dos custos de producao internos, diante de uma producao argentina bem mais barata, praticamente tem eliminado a possibilidade de producao de trigo, em especial junto aqueles com menor area semeada. Em funcao disso, a triticultura nacional conta muito com a continuidade das pesquisas que obtenham variedades ainda mais adaptadas ao nosso clima e solo, fazendo uso do manejo de tratamento de sementes com fungicidas e inseticidas, visando o aumento da produtividade e, por consequencia, da renda dos produtores rurais que se dispoem a produzir o cereal.