Jordi Tena-Sánchez

How much would you like to pay? Trust, reciprocity and prosocial motivations in El trato:

Prosocial motivations and reciprocity are becoming increasingly important in social-science research. While laboratory experiments have challenged the assumption of universal selfishness, the external validity of these results has not been sufficiently tested in natural settings. In this article we examine the role of prosocial motivations and reciprocity in a Pay What You Want (PWYW) sales strategy, in which consumers voluntarily decide how much to pay for a product or service. This article empirically analyses the only PWYW example in Spain to date: the El trato (‘The deal’) campaign launched by the travel company Atrápalo, which offered different holiday packages under PWYW conditions in July 2009. Our analysis shows that, although the majority of the customers did not behave in a purely self-interested manner, they nonetheless did so in a much higher proportion than observed in similar studies. We present different hypotheses about the mechanisms that may explain these findings. Specifically, we highlight the role of two plausible explanations: the framing of the campaign and the attribution of ‘hidden’ preferences to Atrápalo by its customers, which undermined the interpretation of El trato as a trust game.

Field evidence of social influence in the expression of political preferences: the case of secessionists flags in Barcelona.

Models of social influence have explored the dynamics of social contagion, imitation, and diffusion of different types of traits, opinions, and conducts. However, few behavioral data indicating social influence dynamics have been obtained from direct observation in “natural” social contexts. The present research provides that kind of evidence in the case of the public expression of political preferences in the city of Barcelona, where thousands of citizens supporting the secession of Catalonia from Spain have placed a Catalan flag in their balconies and windows. Here we present two different studies. 1) During July 2013 we registered the number of flags in 26% of the electoral districts in the city of Barcelona. We find that there is a large dispersion in the density of flags in districts with similar density of pro-independence voters. However, by comparing the moving average to the global mean we find that the density of flags tends to be fostered in electoral districts where there is a clear majority of pro-independence vote, while it is inhibited in the opposite cases. We also show that the distribution of flags in the observed districts deviates significantly from that of an equivalent random distribution. 2) During 17 days around Catalonia’s 2013 national holiday we observed the position at balcony resolution of the flags displayed in the facades of a sub-sample of 82 blocks. We compare the ‘clustering index’ of flags on the facades observed each day to thousands of equivalent random distributions. Again we provide evidence that successive hangings of flags are not independent events but that a local influence mechanism is favoring their clustering. We also find that except for the national holiday day the density of flags tends to be fostered in facades located in electoral districts where there is a clear majority of pro-independence vote.

The electoral impact of the attacks of March 11th in Madrid: explanatory mechanisms

ABSTRACT The main objective of this work is to analyse the mechanisms through which the attacks occurring on March 11th 2004 in Madrid could have influenced citizen’s vote decisions and hence the results of the legislative elections held three days later in Spain. It is argued that the most probable hypothesis is that the attacks influenced the voting decisions of citizens through a combination of several mechanisms: (1) the indignation caused by the belief that the government had violated a series of moral norms when trying to manipulate information to obtain an electoral benefit and (2) the anger and indignation that arose from attributing the political responsibility for the attacks to the government due to its support of the USA during the Iraq War.

RENTA BÁSICA E INCENTIVOS LABORALES: UNA APROXIMACIÓN DESDE LA TEORÍA DE JUEGOS

This paper discusses the likely impact on job incentives of the introduction of a Citizens’ Basic Income. We try to explore whether this proposal would fail because it would cause a massive retreat from the labour market or, on the contrary, this is not a plausible scenario and therefore the proposal is feasible and sustainable in this respect. To this aim, we use formal game theoretical models, since they have several advantages compared with simple intuitive mental speculation. The paper concludes that, as Basic Income supporters argue, the proposal is feasible and sustainable in the most empirically plausible scenarios.

Nuevas políticas de seguridad vial y motivación de los ciudadanos

Resumen es: La evidencia empirica senala que las nuevas politicas de trafico aplicadas desde 2004 han tenido una fuerte incidencia positiva sobre la conducta de los ...