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Palaeontologische Zeitschrift | 2005

Organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts as paleoenvironmental indicators in the Paleogene; a synopsis of concepts

Jörg Pross; Henk Brinkhuis

The organic-walled, hypnozygotic cysts of dinoflagellates (“dinocysts”) provide a rich, albeit incomplete, history of this eukaryotic plankton group in ancient sediments. Building on pioneering studies of the late 1970s and 1980s, recent ocean drilling and more detailed, integrated studies of surface sections have provided a wealth of dino-cyst data spanning the entire Paleogene. Based on multidisciplinary approaches, these studies have been instrumental in refining existing and furnishing new concepts of Paleogene paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstructions by means of dinocysts. Since dinocysts typically exhibit high abundances in neritic settings, the dinoeyst-based environmental and paleoclimatic information is complementary to that derived from typically more offshore groups such as planktonic foraminifera, coccolithophorids, diatoms, and radiolaria. While in a recent paper we gave a broad overview of case studies from around the globe (Sluijs et al. 2005), here we focus on a summary of these analyses and present a synopsis of applied paleoecological concepts in Paleogene (65–24 ma) dinocyst studies. Representing Earth’s greenhouse-icehouse transition, this episode holds the key to the understanding of extreme transient climatic change. The present paper offers guidelines for the application of dinocyst palaeoecology to the reconstruction of Paleogene sea-surface productivity, temperature, salinity, stratification, and paleo-oxygenation as well as their application in sequence stratigraphy, oceanic circulation and general watermass reconstructions.KurzfassungDie organischwandigen, hypnozygoten Zysten von Dinoflagellaten („Dinozysten“) spiegeln die Entwicklung dieser eukaryoten Planktongruppe in der Erdgeschichte wider, wobei dieser Fossilbericht allerdings nicht vollständig ist, da er auf Zysten beruht. Aufbauend auf ersten richtungsweisenden Arbeiten der späten 70er und 80er Jahre haben neue, integrierende Untersuchungen an marinen Kernbohrungen und Landaufschlüssen zu einer Fülle neuer Erkenntnisse über Dinozysten des gesamten Paläogens geführt. Diese waren maßgeblich daran beteiligt, dass bestehende Vorstellungen zur Paläoumwelt- und Paläoklimaentwicklung des Paläogens verfeinert und neue Vorstellungen entwickelt werden konnten. Da Dinozysten üblicher Weise in neritischen Ablagerungsräumen häufig vorkommen, liefern die aus ihnen abgeleiteten Paläoumwelt- und Paläoklimasignale eine wertvolle Ergänzung zu den Signalen von Planktongruppen mit eher offenmarinem Verbreitungsschwerpunkt wie planktischen Foraminiferen, Coccolithophoriden, Diatomeen und Radiolarien. Da der Zeitraum des Paläogens den Übergang vom Treibhaus- zum Eishausklima der Erde umfasst, spielt er eine Schlüsselrolle zum Verständnis extremen Klimawandels auf kurzfristigen Zeitskalen. In einem vor kurzem erschienenen Beitrag (Sluijs et al. 2005) gaben wir einen Überblick über Fallstudien zur Dinozysten-Ökologie aus dem Paläogen (65–24 ma) beider Hemisphären. Der vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert eine Zusammenfassung dieser Fallstudien und gibt eine Synopsis der verwendeten paläoökologischen Konzepte. Er bietet Leitlinien für die Verwendung der Paläoökologie von Dinozysten zur Rekonstruktion von Ober-flächenwasserproduktivität, -temperatur, -Salzgehalt, -stratifizierung, zur Rekonstruktion der Sauerstoff Versorgung sowie zur Nutzung dieser Signale in der Sequenzstratigraphic und bei der Rekonstruktion ozeanischer Zirkulationsmuster während des Paläogens.


Supplement to: Bahr, A et al. (2015): Persistent monsoonal forcing of Mediterranean Outflow Water dynamics during the late Pleistocene. Geology, 43(11), 951-954, https://doi.org/10.1130/G37013.1 | 2015

Persistent monsoonal forcing of Mediterranean Outflow dynamics during the late Pleistocene

André Bahr; Stefanie Kaboth; Francisco J Jiménez-Espejo; Francisco Javier Sierro; Antje H L Voelker; Lucas J. Lourens; Ursula Röhl; Gert-Jan Reichart; Carlota Escutia; Francisco Javier Hernandéz-Molina; Jörg Pross; Oliver Friedrich

Five to twenty specimens of Globigerina bulloides between 300 and 500 μm were hand-picked for oxygen isotope analyses. Specimens were washed with ethanol, ultrasonicated for several seconds and dried for 24 hours to eliminate all liquids. Samples were analyzed at Kiel University with a MAT 253 mass spectrometer connected to a Kiel IV carbonate preparation device. The analytical precision of international and laboratory-internal carbonate standards was better than ±0.05 ‰ (δC) and ± 0.08‰ (δO).


In supplement to: Koutsodendris, A et al. (2017): Climate variability in SE Europe since 1450 AD based on a varved sediment record from Etoliko Lagoon (Western Greece). Quaternary Science Reviews, 159, 63-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.010 | 2017

Vavre microfacies of sediment core ETO12_2-3

Andreas Koutsodendris; Achim Brauer; Jane M. Reed; Birgit Plessen; Oliver Friedrich; Barbara Hennrich; Ierotheos Zacharias; Jörg Pross


In supplement to: Koutsodendris, A et al. (2017): Climate variability in SE Europe since 1450 AD based on a varved sediment record from Etoliko Lagoon (Western Greece). Quaternary Science Reviews, 159, 63-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.010 | 2017

Stable isotope ratios of ostracoda of sediment core ETO12_2-3

Andreas Koutsodendris; Achim Brauer; Jane M. Reed; Birgit Plessen; Oliver Friedrich; Barbara Hennrich; Ierotheos Zacharias; Jörg Pross


In supplement to: Koutsodendris, A et al. (2017): Climate variability in SE Europe since 1450 AD based on a varved sediment record from Etoliko Lagoon (Western Greece). Quaternary Science Reviews, 159, 63-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.010 | 2017

Diatom and silicoflagellate record of sediment core ETO12_2-3

Andreas Koutsodendris; Achim Brauer; Jane M. Reed; Birgit Plessen; Oliver Friedrich; Barbara Hennrich; Ierotheos Zacharias; Jörg Pross


In supplement to: Koutsodendris, A et al. (2017): Climate variability in SE Europe since 1450 AD based on a varved sediment record from Etoliko Lagoon (Western Greece). Quaternary Science Reviews, 159, 63-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.010 | 2017

Pollen and spores record of sediment core ETO12_2-3

Andreas Koutsodendris; Achim Brauer; Jane M. Reed; Birgit Plessen; Oliver Friedrich; Barbara Hennrich; Ierotheos Zacharias; Jörg Pross


In supplement to: Koutsodendris, A et al. (2017): Climate variability in SE Europe since 1450 AD based on a varved sediment record from Etoliko Lagoon (Western Greece). Quaternary Science Reviews, 159, 63-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.010 | 2017

Dinoflagellate and algae record of sediment core ETO12_2-3

Andreas Koutsodendris; Achim Brauer; Jane M. Reed; Birgit Plessen; Oliver Friedrich; Barbara Hennrich; Ierotheos Zacharias; Jörg Pross


In supplement to: Koutsodendris, A et al. (2017): Climate variability in SE Europe since 1450 AD based on a varved sediment record from Etoliko Lagoon (Western Greece). Quaternary Science Reviews, 159, 63-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.010 | 2017

Element geochemical analyses of sediment core ETO12_2-3

Andreas Koutsodendris; Achim Brauer; Jane M. Reed; Birgit Plessen; Oliver Friedrich; Barbara Hennrich; Ierotheos Zacharias; Jörg Pross


Supplement to: Kim, J-H et al. (2015): Influence of deep-water derived isoprenoid tetraether lipids on the TEXH86 paleothermometer in the Mediterranean Sea. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 150, 125-141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.11.017 | 2015

Isoprenoid tetraether lipids, TEX86H and BIT in the Mediterranean Sea

Jung-Hyun Kim; Stefan Schouten; Marta Rodrigo-Gámiz; Sebastiaan W. Rampen; Gianluca Marino; Carme Huguet; Peer Helmke; Rosalyne Buscail; Ellen C. Hopmans; Jörg Pross; Francesca Sangiorgi; Jack J Middelburg; Jaap S Sinninghe Damsté


Archive | 2015

Sea surface temperature reconstruction based on TEX86 for sediment core TTR12_293G

Jung-Hyun Kim; Stefan Schouten; Marta Rodrigo-Gámiz; Sebastiaan W. Rampen; Gianluca Marino; Carme Huguet; Peer Helmke; Rosalyne Buscail; Ellen C. Hopmans; Jörg Pross; Francesca Sangiorgi; Jack J Middelburg; Jaap S Sinninghe Damsté

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Steven M Bohaty

University of Nebraska–Lincoln

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Lisa Tauxe

University of California

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James Bendle

University of Birmingham

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