Jorge Alberto López Arévalo

Federalismo fiscal: Chiapas y Nuevo León: un análisis comparativo

The mexican federal system that was designed starting in the 1980s has not generated the expected results given that the system of transfers designed for the opposite effect has instead generated a high dependency on local governments, waste, a deviation of public resources, and little transparency in the spending and losses at the level of citizens’ common good. This result has been very pronounced in the poorest states of the country, given that they are entities with greater spending needs (high levels of poverty) and have received higher levels of transfers than the national average. In the following text a comparative analysis is made amongst entities with similar population and size but divergent results in economic development and as a result, their contributions to the mexican federal system.

La irrupción de China en el TLCAN: efectos sobre el comercio intra-industrial de México

Una de las tendencias mas intensas del proceso de globalizacion en curso es el desarrollo del comercio intra-industrial, que transcurre ajeno al marco interpretativo tradicional. Este trabajo se centra en el analisis reciente de este fenomeno en el caso particular de Mexico, en el contexto de su incorporacion al Tratado de Libre Comercio de America del Norte (tlcan), en donde la estructura productiva de los paises involucrados ha cambiado significativamente a partir de la apertura comercial y se ha acomodado segun las caracteristicas o condiciones especificas de cada pais. En el caso de Mexico se observa que la importancia del comercio exterior representa cerca de dos tercios del producto (el doble de 1990), cambiando de manera significativa la composicion de las exportaciones. En este contexto aparecen fenomenos como el comercio intra-industrial e intra-firma, que revelan la internacionalizacion de las cadenas productivas. Sin embargo, China se ha convertido en un actor importante en el comercio mundial y la region de America del Norte no ha sido una excepcion. De hecho, China ha irrumpido con fuerza en el area del tlcan, aumentando su importancia como proveedor de mercancias, a pesar de no haber firmado ningun tratado comercial con estos paises. En este trabajo se analiza el sentido y la profundidad de estas tendencias asi como su impacto en la insercion intra-industrial de Mexico

The Emergence of China in Latin America

This paper analyzes the characteristics of Chinas trade with the countries of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC). The emergence of China in some of these countries has significantly transformed their trade and specialization. China has in recent years become a prominent player in world trade, and countries of CELAC are no exception. The Asian giant has entered to this regional bloc gaining ground as a supplier of manufacturers and, in some countries, as an importer of commodities. CELAC countries which have trade agreements with China (Chile, Peru and Costa Rica) are analyzed along with those where China is important in terms of market share in trade and investment (Mexico, Brazil and Argentina) or potential political allies (Venezuela and Cuba). Most studies conducted on intra-industry trade refer to trade between developed countries or between developed countries and emerging countries. However, the peculiarity of this study is that involves countries considered emerging like China and some CELAC countries, thus it focuses on trade South-South. Trade between China and the CELAC countries has the characteristic of being a kind of core-periphery trade between South-South countries, where China plays as manufacturing center and Latin America as the periphery that supplies raw materials.