Jorge Marco

Guerrilla, bandolerismo social, acción colectiva. Algunas reflexiones metodológicas sobre la resistencia armada antifranquista

Este texto analiza la resistencia armada antifranquista entre 1939-1952. Se argumenta en el la necesidad de vincular el nuevo fenomeno a las formas y tipologias de accion colectiva anteriores al final de la guerra. El caracter transitorio de la accion colectiva en las tres primeras decadas del siglo XX, sugerido por la coexistencia de repertorios tradicionales y modernos en las practicas de protesta colectiva, encaja con la existencia de dos formas diferenciadas de resistencia armada que propone el autor: guerrilla y bandolerismo social.

Transnational Soldiers and Guerrilla Warfare from the Spanish Civil War to the Second World War

This article analyses how military institutions incorporated innovations in their tactics using the intermediary role of transnational soldiers in the Spanish Civil War. The Soviet experience of guerrilla warfare during the Russian Civil War was transferred to foreign volunteers during the war in Spain thanks to the collaboration of Soviet experts advising the Spanish Republican Army. After the war, these soldiers’ knowledge and experience of guerrilla warfare were invaluable to the Allied Armies during the Second World War. This article analyses the role of International Brigaders in the OSS in the USA, North Africa, and Europe during the Second World War.

Francoist Crimes: Denial and Invisibility, 1936–2016

During the Spanish Civil War (1936–9) thousands of people were murdered, judicially and extrajudicially, in both the Francoist and Republican rearguards. To these must be added thousands of murders that took place during the Franco dictatorship. Nonetheless, the fate of the victims murdered in the Republican zone has been very different to that of the victims of Francoism. While the former have received public recognition, justice and commemoration from the start of the war up to the present, the latter have suffered denial and invisibility. It is my intention to discuss the implications of this denial and invisibility, which are central to the historiographical debate and the ‘memory wars’ in Spain. Although the denial of Francoist crimes continues to this day, it originated in the administrative and discursive policies implemented by Francoism from the start of the war. In order to cover up extrajudicial massacres and murders, the Francoist authorities used several methods: 1) not recording the names of the victims, 2) recording some of them but covering up the real cause of death, 3) ‘disappearance’ of people and 4) burials in mass graves. This policy was reinforced from the 1960s onwards with the destruction of official documents detailing Francoist crimes. In contrast, in 1940, Franco’s government had commissioned a detailed study for repressive and propagandist purposes, which resulted in the collection of thousands of documents and statements (stored in almost 4000 boxes) relating to ‘red crimes’.

Legitimacy by Proxy: searching for a usable past through the International Brigades in Spain’s post-Franco democracy, 1975-2015

Legitimacy by Proxy: Searching for a Usable past through the International Brigades in Spains Post-Franco Democracy, 1975-2015 This article breaks new ground by studying the impact of members of the International Brigades in Spain and analysing the ways in which Spanish political groups have been making use of the memory of the Brigades since the end of the Franco regime in 1975. It shows that the veterans of the International Brigades played the role of agents of democracy between 1975 and 1977. Between 1977 and 1988, a time when invoking the past carried political risks, left-wing groups in Spain constructed a memory of the volunteers as proxies, and the memory granted the groups the space that they needed to vindicate their own anti-fascist struggle. With the final crisis and collapse of the Soviet Union, the Left moved away from ideology and, for good measure, made use of ethical reasons to demand recognition for the Spanish victims of General Franco. Increasingly, the International Brigades were remembered not as proxies but as part of a struggle to acknowledge the sufferings of the Spaniards.

Nuevos horizontes del pasado: culturas políticas, identidades y formas de representación

Los materiales que se recogen en esta edicion impresa, y los mas de 250 textos aportados en el CD adjunto, testimonian la evolucion del trabajo de los historiadores contemporaneistas, la situacion de su profesion, los cambios experimentados en la historiografia, en la investigacion y en el relato de nuestro pasado a la vez que ponen de manifiesto que la investigacion que se esta llevando a efecto es solvente y que su capacidad para integrarse en los mercados historiograficos internacionales es, cada vez, mayor.